IRan

India: Economic Affairs Secretary Atanu Chakraborty has announced an infrastructure-spending plan consisting of US$102tn expenditure before 30 April 2025. Iran Daily has reported that this includes an investment of US$13.6tn in the 12 months to 30 April 2019 - up by 36% from US$10.0tn in the previous 12 months to 30 April 2018. 25% of the investment will go to the energy sector and 19% spent on roads, 16% on urban infrastructure, 13% on railways and 8% on rural infrastructure and innovation. The Business Standard newspaper has suggested that slow growth in domestic demand in late 2020 may cause cement production capacity utilisation to return to a level above 70%.

Uzbekistan: The value of 11-month cement imports in the period ending 30 November 2019 was US$0.147bn, up by 12% year-on-year from US$0.132bn between 1 January 2019 and 30 November 2018. The total value of construction projects in Uzbekistan in the eleven months ending 30 November 2019 was US$61.4bn, up by 120% from US$51.2bn in the corresponding period of 2018. The total value of imported building materials was US$1.22bn, representing a 12% year-on-year increase from US$1.09bn. Cement was among US$152m of commodities imported to Uzbekistan from Iran, according to the Israel Defense newspaper.

UAE: Figures from Iran’s Qeshm Free Trade Zone show a deficiency in domestic cement production in the UAE, as 48,000t of cement have been shipped to the country in the six months ending 21 September 2019. Cement from across the Gulf helps serve the consistently growing needs of the country’s construction industry.

Iraq: Iran’s Khuzestan province plans to invest in a US$35m cement plant project in Al-Emareh. Deputy Governor General for Coordinating Economic Affairs Nourollah Hassanzadeh said it was a joint initiative with Iraq, according to the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA). The project was launched in the mid-2010s and is reported to be in its ‘final’ stages. The Iranian province borders Iraq and it hopes to increase its international investment profile.

Iran: Iran increased its cement production in the five months to 22 August 2019 to 23.1Mt, a 4.8% increase from 22.1Mt in the same period of 2018. In spite of this, the country’s cement exports in these first five months of the Iranian year fell by 17% to 5.48Mt from 6.60Mt. Clinker exports fell by under 2%. Though still the World’s number 10 cement producer, demand for Iran’s cement is hampered by US trade sanctions. This has led the country to seek to improve sales in neighbouring countries, such as Afghanistan.

Armenia/Iran: The Armenian parliament has approved a tariff of US$29/t on imported cement from Iran. A previous attempt to pass the bill was blocked in April 2019, according to the Armenpress News Agency. During the recent vote construction workers demonstrated outside the parliament building warning that prices could price as a result of the new duty.

Iran/Iraq: Hamid Hosseini, the secretary general of Iran-Iraq Joint Chamber of Commerce, says that exports of cement from Iran to Iraq and the Kurdistan region of Iraq have been suspended for the last year. Tariffs were added first before a ban, according to Tejarat News. At present exports of clinker are allowed.

Armenia: Tigran Khachatryan, the Minister of Economic Development and Investments, says that the government is considering adding clinker to a list of goods subject to import duties. A tariff of around Euro40/t could be introduced for a year until April 2020, according to the ARMINFO News Agency. This would be similar to proposed duties on imported cement.

The measures are intended to protect local cement production. Khachatryan noted that imports from Iran could be up to a third of the price of locally manufactured cement due to cheaper energy supplies and state subsidies.

Iran/Afghanistan: Exports of cement from Iran to Afghanistan have increased following the resumption of US-led sanctions on Iran. Speaking on Afghanistan’s Tolo News TV, Janagha Navid, the spokesman of Afghanistan's Chamber of Commerce and Industries, said that Afghanistan imports 80,000t/yr of cement, while stressing that the country’s domestic cement production capacity could increase to 420,000t/yr.

Navid added that cement imports from Pakistan had decreased, while imports from Iran had risen, due to depreciation of the Iranian Rial against foreign currencies. He further highlighted that Afghan customers prefer Iranian cement over Pakistani cement, citing quality considerations. In 2018, Iran exported US$127m-worth of cement to Afghanistan, broadly similar to imports from Pakistan, which came to US$132m.

Afghanistan/Pakistan: The share of exports of cement from Pakistan to Afghanistan fell to 24% in the first eight months of the current 2019 Pakistan financial year compared to 48% in the 2018 period. The Cement Manufacturers And Export Association has blamed this on Afghanistan opening its market to imports from other countries including Iran, according to the Frontier Star newspaper. It has urged the government to take measures to cut local production costs and force anti-dumping tariffs on Iranian cement imports.

The association said that the cement industry in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been most affected by the decline in exports to Afghanistan. Exports from these regions fell by 16% year-on-year in the first nine months of the current Pakistan financial year to February 2019.