Displaying items by tag: India

India: Jammu & Kashmir Cements Limited (JKCL) has reported that it achieved an all time record turnover of US$21.8m in the fiscal year that ended 31 March 2012 compared to US$14.8m achieved in the previous fiscal year. This represents a year-on-year increase of 47%. It announced a bold 2012-2013 turnover target of US$32.5m. The company also announced that it produced 172,300t of clinker and 17,600t of cement during the year. It has targeted 255,000t of clinker and 266,200t of cement in the current fiscal year.

In addition, JKCL announced that its cement grinding and packing unit at Samba, would be put into trial production in November 2012 at a cost of around US$5m.

India: Holcim-controlled Associated Cement Companies (ACC) is mulling a US$913m integrated cement complex in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The company is planning a 5Mt/yr integrated cement complex, along with an 8Mt/yr cement grinding unit and a 100MW captive power plant at Gollapalli village in Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. To support the cement plant the company is also creating a 7Mt/yr captive limestone mine.

While ACC has made no official comment, industry insiders have expressed surprise that ACC is planning further cement capacity in south India, which is already reeling under excess capacity. ACC has already announced its plans to increase its capacity by 5Mt/yr through brownfield expansion at its Jamul plant in Chattisgarh.

India: The announcement last week that 11 Indian cement producers face a combined US$1.1bn penalty for a price-fixing cartel will cast a long shadow over the country's increasingly vulnerable-looking cement industry.

For years the Indian cement industry has been beset by suspicions of over-capacity despite a constant stream of new capacity. Now the Competition Commission of India (CCI) thinks that it has got to the heart of the paradox by accusing manufacturers of limiting production amid high demand and colluding to artificially raise prices.

The amount that the CCI has fined the companies, 50% of their net profits for the two fiscal years to 31 March 2011, is quite astonishing. If enforced in its entirety the fine effectively negates a large portion of the sector's profits for an entire fiscal year. This is clearly not a slap-on-the-wrist from the CCI.

In the 1990s and early 2000s a similar cartel case involving European (and specifically German) cement producers led to fines in the order of hundreds of thousands of US Dollars. The industry has since cleaned up its act considerably as a result. Indian producers would be foolish not to follow suit. What are the likely effects in the Indian case?

Removing the cartel that the CCI purports to have found would reduce prices, which are inflated by an oft-quoted 25% median in a cartel. This is clearly good news for consumers and potentially the development of the Indian economy in general. The obvious losers in this situation would be the producers, which would see a reduction in profitability. Some of the smaller producers would find such a situation very challenging, with the risk of going bust or being absorbed into larger companies.

Another possibility is that the accusations will spread along the value chain. Shortly after the announcement of the fine, the Builders' Association of India (BAI), announced that it wants the fine increased to accommodate compensation claims from contractors and consumers that it feels are out-of-pocket as a result of the cartel. Many will feel aggrieved now that they 'know' the cement companies were profiteering - sorting out claims from affected parties could be a long and costly exercise.

The effects of the fine could also extend to outside of India. Indian cement producers, very good customers of the Chinese and European cement plant manufacturers in recent years, will have to deal with lower revenues. This will clearly dampen their enthusiasm to contract further capacity and may cause knock-on-effects for Sinoma, KHD, Polysuis and other major suppliers. The cement industries of neighbouring countries, like Pakistan, may also be affected.

Whatever happens in the Indian cement industry as a result of the CCI's fine, the authority, only formed in 2009, has shown that it is serious about taking on corruption in India. In the long run that can only help develop the potential of the country.

"The first thing for any new competition regulator is to go out and find the cement cartel. My experience of this subject is, it is always there, somewhere," wrote Richard Whish, a Professor of Law at King's College London in 2001. "The only countries in which I had been unable to find the cement cartel is where there is a national state-owned monopoly for cement."

India: Having welcomed the Competition Commission of India's (CCI) decision to impose a record US$1.1bn penalty on 11 cement companies, the Builders' Association of India (BAI) has asked the competition watchdog to review the size of penalty.

The BAI has urged the CCI to, "review the quantum of the penalty and also to conduct an inquiry into the losses incurred by contractors due to such profiteering by cement manufacturers and to consider reimbursing the losses to the contractors."

D L Desai, a trustee of the BAI, said that it had urged the CCI to impose a fixed percentage of the penalty as a deposit with the CCI in case the cement manufacturers approach the Appellate Authority in an attempt to challenge the fine.

"We are happy that the CCI has taken action to penalise the cement companies. It (will) give a boost to the construction industry, leading to the revival of our economy, which is currently going through a difficult phase," said BAI Secretary Anand Gupta.

"The construction industry is a major driver of the Indian economy and any unfair practices as indulged in by the cement companies have adverse impact not only on this industry but the overall economy," he added.

India: In one of the largest fines of its kind, India's antitrust body has imposed a penalty of a combined US$1.1bn on 11 cement companies for price fixing. The companies penalised by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) include ACC and Ambuja Cements (both units of Swiss cement-maker Holcim), UltraTech Cement, Jaiprakash Associates, India Cements, Madras Cements and the local unit of France's Lafarge.

"The commission has found that the cement companies have not utilised the available capacity, so as to reduce supplies and raise prices in times of higher demand," said the CCI in its judgement. It said that the penalty on each company amounted to 50% of their profit for the financial years 2009-10 and 2010-11.

ACC has been fined US$201m and Ambuja has to pay US$204m. India's largest producer of the building material, Ultratech Cement, has to pay US$206m, while Lafarge's Indian unit will have to shell out US$84m. Jaiprakash Associates has been fined US$232m.

On 21 June 2012 the CCI said that the cement companies' action of limiting supplies to the market through an 'anti-competitive agreement' was not only detrimental to consumers but also to the economy, as the building material is a critical input for infrastructure projects. The regulator asked the companies to pay the fine within 90 days. The companies can challenge the regulator's orders in the Competition Appellate Tribunal, a quasi-judicial body and can then appeal to India's Supreme Court.

In response UltraTech said that it hasn't indulged in any cartelisation and that it would appeal against the order in the appellate tribunal. In Zurich Holcim said it would, "contest the allegations and findings against (ACC and Ambuja) in the order and will pursue all available legal steps to defend their respective positions." In Paris Lafarge said, "We will see the detailed report and decide the suitable actions to take. Lafarge has a strict policy to comply with competition laws."

The CCI started accepting cases in 2009, replacing a relatively toothless antitrust body that had been in place since 1970, and has been becoming increasingly assertive. The biggest penalty it had imposed so far was in 2011, when it ordered DLF Ltd., India's biggest property developer by sales, to pay US$120m for abusing its dominant market position by changing agreements signed with some property buyers.

The judgement comes at a bad time for cement companies, as demand for construction materials is weak due to sluggish economic growth and a fall in spending on infrastructure projects. The cost of raw materials such as coal is on the rise as well, pressuring margins.

India: South India's largest cement maker by volume, The India Cements Ltd, has received clearance from the environment ministry to proceed with capacity expansion of its existing two plants.

The company sought the Terms of Reference (TOR) approval for expanding capacities in Padaveedu, Salem district at its Sankaridurg plant and in Dalavoi, Ariyalur district. The green ministry approved the TRO of India Cements on 25 April 2012 and 26 April 2012 respectively.

Company officials maintain that this is only a process and nothing has been finalised vis-a-vis expansion of capacities. "We are getting the required approvals in advance. Nothing is on the board. We want to be ready and when there is a need we should not be seen as waiting for regulatory approvals," said a company official.

India: India's biggest cement producer, Jaiprakash Associates, says that it is planning to sell its cement units in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh as a part of its divestment plan. In a move that is very similar to those of debt-ridden European and North American cement producers, local media has reported that Jaiprakash has been in talks with at least two different investors, including domestic group Aditya Birla and Lafarge from France. It is looking to sell its 'Jaypee Cement' unit plants, which are already run as a separate company.

Birla and Lafarge have finished their first round of talks with Jaypee. Final bids will be completed in two months. Jaypee wants to exit the cement production business in order to focus on its core activities.

Earlier, it was also reported that Switzerland's multinational Holcim Ltd. was prepared to spend up to US$1.6bn on the three plants, which have a joint capacity of 9.8Mt/yr.

India: Strong sales from India's two largest cement makers, Aditya Birla Group's UltraTech and Swiss major Holcim's Ambuja Cements, in May 2012 are likely to return the industry to growth figures above 10% after a gap of two months.

Following India's 'disappointing' GDP growth of 5.3% for the first quarter of 2012, strong dispatches just before the start of the monsoon season has given hope to cement industry experts for better growth in 2012-13.

Ambuja Cements sold 1.93Mt in May 2012 against 1.73Mt in May 2011, a rise of 11.9%. UltraTech Cement, registered sales growth of 10.6%. However, Ambuja's sister concern, ACC, could not match up with the other key producers and reported a growth of 3%. It sold 2.05Mt compared to 1.99Mt in May 2011.

"With 10-12% growth from country's two top cement makers, it seems the industry will hit growth of 11-13% in May 2012," said the research head of a Mumbai-based brokerage firm.

The Indian Cement Manufacturers' Association (CMA) will be releasing the sector's overall statistics in June 2012. UltraTech Cement, ACC and Amubja Cements collectively control close to one-third of the country's cement market, which has an overall capacity of 330Mt/yr.

Two trends have put the squeeze on the Indian cement industry this week. Firstly it emerged that producers were slashing prices ahead of the coming monsoon season. Then the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) proclaimed that it expected cement prices to rise by 5.9% in the 2013 financial year.

Producers cutting prices in May, before the monsoon, is important because it suggests that overall cement demand is already down. Once the rains come demand will go down even more. A slowdown in construction, particularly in infrastructure projects, a labour shortage and a sand shortage have all been blamed. Looking ahead however, as the CMIE has done, suggests that prices have to go up due to the increase in railway freight charges announced in March 2012 and the excise duty hike announced in the Union Budget 2012-13. All that remains in the middle are the profit margins that the cement industry has become accustomed to.

Back in January 2012 Fitch Ratings predicted a 'negative outlook' for the Indian cement industry in 2012, based on overcapacity and higher interest rates. Now it seems that total capacity utilisation is down in 2012 compared to 2011, from 76.2% to 71.3%. Throw in the railway and duty increases and one might be tempted to feel that Fitch went easy on the subcontinent.

Yet, the cement producers have already found one silver lining in the monsoon season. Industry sources were soon reported as using price increases in the country's south zone and price decreases in the north zone as evidence that cartel-like behaviour couldn't possibly be happening. In a country as large as India perhaps they should have added the words 'nationally coordinated.' Despite the price drops, prices in the cities have been reported at an all-time high due to supply shortages - a situation that may be familiar to some consumers in Saudi Arabia.

India: Indian cement companies have slashed their prices in May 2012 due to poor demand, event before the monsoon season has started.

Prices declined in all regions, except the south and central regions of the country, where prices have been stable. Demand has slowed, compared with April 2012 levels. Most dealers in India expect prices to decline after mid-June 2012, said Jaspreet Singh Arora an analyst at Anand Rathi.

Vinita Singhania, managing director JK Lakshmi Cement, said that demand in April 2012 has gone 'absolutely haywire' due to a slowdown in construction activities and certain infrastructure projects not being implemented. A senior official of the Indian Cement Manufacturers' Association said that in 2012 cement prices have declined even before the arrival of monsoon due to oversupply. "The price correction has come a little earlier than expected because demand didn't pick up in line with our expectations," the official said.