Displaying items by tag: Competition

Brazil: The Administrative Court of the Brazilian Administrative Council of Economic Defence (CADE) has approved Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional subsidiary CSN Cimentos’ acquisition of LafargeHolcim Brasil, ‘without restrictions.’ The acquisition more than doubles CSN Cimentos’ capacity to 16.3Mt/yr, giving it the largest market share, ahead of InterCement Brasil.

India: Holcim subsidiaries ACC and Ambuja Cements, along with Dalmia Cement, Shree Cement, UltraTech Cement and 15 other Indian cement producers, have violated antitrust laws through price collusion and supply restriction, a Competition Commission of India (CCI) investigation has uncovered. Reuters News has reported that regular price rises in the Indian cement market were the outcome of collusion between producers, which set target prices by district and carried out twice weekly inspections of participant companies’ operations. Senior executives from ACC and UltraTech Cement, among other companies, served as state-wide coordinators. They planned and carried out their deception by means including messaging platform WhatsApp.

ACC and UltraTech Cement, along with ACC’s fellow Holcim subsidiary Ambuja Cements, declined to comment, however Holcim said “The Indian companies are managing this matter responsibly and we expect them to continue to do so accordingly."

Argentina: The National Commission for Competition Defence (CNDC) has recommended that the Asociación de Fabricantes de Cemento Portland (AFCP) stop sharing information on cement production and deliveries on a provincial basis that is less than 12 months old. Following an investigation into the cement sector the competition body expressed concern about the “exchange of information" between the main local cement producers, according to the Ámbito Financiero newspaper. An official investigation into collusion between the companies that ran from 2016 to 2021 found that they carried out anti-competitive behaviour that led to costs for construction being inflated by US$180m. It concluded that the sector had a, “high degree of concentration, high barriers to entry and reduced competitive dynamics.” The cement industry was previously fined in 2005 when it was found to have acted as a cartel for 20 years from the 1980s.

Mexico: The Mexican Federal Economic Competition Commission (COFECE) has fined Cemex US$89,000 for failing to notify it of a transaction that exceeded the threshold for notification. COFECE also approved the transaction in question.

Cemex has the right to seek legal recourse against the fine.

Argentina: The National Commission for the Defence of Competition (CNDC) has concluded an investigation into the cement industry with the finding that all four Argentinian cement producers colluded to maintain high prices between 2013 and 2018. Cementera Avellaneda, Holcim Argentina, Loma Negra and Petroquímica Comodoro Rivadavia (PCR) reportedly increased their sales by US$178m between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2018 through cost overruns generated by their control of local markets.

The CNDC ordered the Portland Cement Manufacturers Association (AFCP) to refrain from distributing competitively sensitive information production, dispatches and imports information between its member companies.

US: Bloomberg has named Germany-based HeidelbergCement, Switzerland-based Holcim and Turkey-based Sabancı Holding as possible bidders for some of Sika’s US admixtures assets. Sika is seeking to divest the assets in order to obtain competition authorities’ approval for its US$6bn acquisition of Germany-based construction chemicals company MBCC from Lone Star Funds.

Argentina: Holcim Argentina has launched a hackathon for project proposals aimed at boosting gender inclusivity in the Argentinian construction sector. Projects may fall along one or more target axes: awareness, education and training, enterprise or public policy. Two winning projects will claim US$300,000 each in prize money, and the contest is open to anyone over 18. The company says that the hackathon is an invite to open a conversation about the presence and appreciation of women in cement and construction.

Mexico: 200 police officers in 80 police cars arrived outside the gates of Cooperativa La Cruz Azul’s Cruz Azul cement plant in Tula, Hidalgo, on 15 December 2021, but failed to enter the plant. The El Financiero newspaper has reported that the police were following a court order to remove the company from the plant. Supervisory board president Alberto Lopez reasserted the company’s right to occupy the property in line with federal government ordinances. Lopez suggested an alleged collusion between cooperativists and Omar Fayad’s Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Hidalgo state government to decieve the courts.

Authorities have frozen Cooperativa La Cruz Azul’s accounts with outstanding bills of US$800,000 in electricity, gas, equipment and services bills, as well as the payroll of its 1100 workers.

Coopertiva La Cruz Azul chair Federico Sarabia said that the developments threaten the existence of the Cruz Azul plant. He said "In terms of quality, Cruz Azul’s cement exceeds the standard. At the time that Cruz Azul disappears as a cement producer, prices will increase.”

Turkey: Steel company Erdmir has received the Turkish Competition Board (TCB)'s approval for its acquisition of a 100% stake in refractory and magnesia producer Kümaş Manyezit Sanayi. Erdemir's parent company is OYAK Group, an industrial conglomerate with interests in cement alongside other industries. Thus, the TCB considered the deal's competition impacts on the cement industry. The board ruled that the vertical merger would not have a negative effect on competition because it does not give rise to horizontally affected markets, hence neither creating nor strengthening any dominant market position.

There have been a couple of news stories worth noting in the Turkish market this week. First, it was revealed that Medcem had chosen Sintek Group to build a new production line at its integrated plant in Mersin. Second, Çimko Çimento agreed to buy two integrated plants and a grinding plant from Çimsa.

The Medcem upgrade project will see the subsidiary of Eren Holding add a second production line, with a clinker capacity of 9000t/day. Sintek Group reportedly has agreed to do this for US$128m. This follows an announcement from Medcem in late May 2021 that it was intending to invest over US$200m towards increasing its plant’s overall production capacity to 6.5Mt/yr from 3.5Mt/yr. The plan at this point was to start construction work in August 2021 with eventual commissioning of the second line in the first quarter of 2023. In addition the cement producer said at the time that it was going to open a new terminal in the US shortly. This was intended to join the company’s existing grinding plants in Cameroon and Tunisia and terminals in Russia and Northern Cyprus. On a side note, Medcem likes to point out that the 11,500t/day clinker production capacity on its existing line at its plant is the biggest in Turkey and Europe.

The Çimko Çimento deal with Çimsa was for US$127m. It includes the Nigde Kayseri integrated plants, the Ankara grinding plant and seven ready-mix concrete plants. As would be expected, the transaction is subject to the approval of the local competition authority.

Graph 1: Domestic and export cement sales in Turkey, January – June 2017 – 2021. Source: Türk Çimento.

Graph 1 above gives an idea why some cement producers might have decided that it’s time to expand either through upgrades or acquisitions. The general Turkish economy suffered a jolt in mid-2018 when the value of the Turkish Lira dropped and interest rates rose. The coronavirus pandemic hit in 2020 but after a slowdown at the start of that year the economy managed to grow. The growth has continued so far in 2021 but inflation rates have also soared. In the cement sector, annual domestic sales fell consecutively from 2017 to 2019. They started to recover in 2020 and so far in 2021 it looks like they are continuing to grow. As domestic sales fell the sector focused on exports and they have grown steadily on an annual and half-year basis since 2018. Annual exports hit a high of 16Mt in 2020 or 23% of total sales.

Despite this, in June 2021 the Turkish Cement Manufacturers' Association, Türk Çimento, was warning that input costs were mounting, particularly in the last year. It reported that the price of petcoke had nearly tripled in this period. It also warned of mounting production overcapacity, estimated at over 20Mt/yr in 2019 although down to 7Mt/yr in 2020. Coupled with a fall in annual domestic sales from 2017 to 2019, in its words, “The contraction in domestic consumption during that period steered our companies toward exports.” Some of the larger cement producers, including Oyak, Akçansa and Çimsa all reported healthy rises year-on-year in revenue and operating profit in the first half of 2021. They also reported mounting costs which have risen by 35 – 80%.

The other recent stories from Turkey to note are a two week strike organised by the Building Contractors Confederation (IMKON) in September 2021 due to high costs, particularly cement. The confederation claimed that the price of cement had tripled over the last year. Earlier, in late April 2021, the Turkish competition authority Rekabat Kurumu launched a probe into alleged collusion by nine cement producers including Oyak, Çimsa and Limak. We are not saying these two stories are connected. The current state of the Turkish economy is more than enough to cause input costs for cement producers to spike. Yet headlines like this cannot be reassuring to builders wondering why the cost of cement is going up.

In summary, it’s an uncertain time for the Turkish cement industry. Sales are recovering but this has been achieved by pushing exports more than a rally at home. Alongside this, currency instability and high inflation rates are raising costs for cement producers and end-users. This hasn’t been enough though to stop growth activity from a couple of producers in the last week.

For more on the Turkish cement sector read ‘Cement in Turkey’ in the October 2021 issue of Global Cement Magazine