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Boral admitted this week that high energy costs in Australia had forced it to reduce production levels. Chief executive officer Zlatko Todorcevski revealed to Reuters that the company was temporarily cutting back some unspecified areas of its operations. He also said that it was going to have to pass on growing energy prices directly on its customers.

This has followed mounting alarm at fuel prices in successive financial reports by the building materials company leading to revised earnings guidance being issued in May 2022. Bad weather was responsible for the larger share of the expected additional adverse impact to underlying earnings in its 2022 financial year but around US$10m was anticipated from rising fuel prices. Growing coal and electricity prices were said to be impacting its production and logistics costs, with price rises in January and February 2022 having proved insufficient to keep up with inflation. In a trading update in March 2022 the company said that its exposure to coal prices was unhedged for the second half of its 2022 financial year, to June 2022.

An energy crisis in Australia may seem hard to understand given that the country is one of the world’s biggest exporters of coal and gas. Yet, the country has faced a number of problems with its electricity generation sector in 2022 with disruptions to coal supplies to power stations, outages, ongoing maintenance and a cold winter that adversely affected the market. This led the Australian Energy Market Operator to suspend the country’s main wholesale market on 15 June 2022 in an attempt to stabilise the supply of electricity. New South Wales has also reportedly forced coal mines to prioritise the local market over exports. Energy minister Chris Bowen even asked the residents of New South Wales to try and reduce electricity use in the evenings in an attempt to prevent blackouts. However, with the consumer electricity market now looking more stable, attention has turned to industrial users such as Boral.

Global Cement Weekly has covered energy costs for cement producers a couple of times in the last year. There has been plenty of angst about growing energy costs on cement company balance sheets since mid-2021 as the logistics problems following the lifting of the coronavirus-lockdowns became clear. The biggest story at this time was an energy crisis in China that caused supplies to be rationed to industrial users. This then intensified with the start of the war in Ukraine in February 2022 and energy prices went up everywhere as economic sanctions were imposed upon Russia. One standout was Turkey where cement producers publicly raised the alarm about jumps in coal prices.

Recently, some North American lime producers such as Lhoist North America and the Mississippi Lime Company have been notably bold in announcing price rises due to energy costs and other factors. This week, for example, Lhoist North America said it had raised the price of its lime products by up to 45%. It cited the ‘challenging circumstance’ for all parties at an ‘unprecedented’ time. One alternative to the direct approach of simply putting up prices has been the use of energy surcharges. Japan-based Taiheiyo Cement announced earlier in June 2022 that it was going to introduce a coal surcharge for its cementitious products in September 2022 due to rising energy prices. Its system is based on the coal price with revisions planned every two months. The scheme will run for one year in the first instance. How customers will react to this remains to be seen.

We have looked above at a few disparate examples of the problems that energy costs have been causing cement and lime producers over the last month. These issues look set to continue in an acute phase while the war in Ukraine rages on, but the longer term trends from the economic recovery from coronavirus will undoubtedly last for longer. As examples in Australia and China have shown, local energy crises can easily spill over into the industrial sector as domestic users are prioritised. So, even if cement companies source their supplies carefully, they may face issues if the wider market struggles. Meanwhile, cement producers face the dilemma of justifying price rises to customers adapting to mounting inflation. Taiheiyo Cement has shown one way of doing this. The problems caused by surging energy prices to other cement companies look set to become more apparent in the next few months as reporting of the first half of the year emerges.

Egypt: South Valley Cement more than tripled its sales year-on-year in the first quarter of 2022, to US$11m from US$3.31m. The company’s net loss during the quarter was US$1.66m, down by 13% year-on-year from US$1.9m in the first quarter of 2021.

Sri Lanka: Tokyo Cement’s sales rose by 46% year-on-year in the 2022 financial year to US$88.5m from US$60.7m. Its net loss was US$1.66m, compared to a profit of US$4.17m in the 2021 financial year. Its cost of sales increased by 35% year-on-year during the full year and by 34% year-on-year in the fourth quarter of the 2022 financial year.

Malaysia: Hume Cement Industries Berhad recorded sales of US$117m in the first nine months of 2022, up by 4.7% year-on-year from US$112m. It recorded a loss for the period of US$415,000, down by 82% from US$2.27m. In the third quarter of 2022, Hume Cement Industries Berhad recorded a profit of US$438,000, compared to a US$2.69m loss in the third quarter of 2021.

Chile: Cbb's first-quarter operating income was US$93.5m in 2022, up by 14% year-on-year from US$81.7m the first quarter of 2021. Nonetheless, the company's net profit fell by 89% to US$573,000 from US$5.04m.

India: India Cements’ fourth-quarter sales were US$183m in its 2022 financial year, which ended on 31 March 2022, down by 4% year-on-year from US$190m in the corresponding quarter of the 2021 Indian financial year. The producer’s net loss was US$1.37m, as against a first-quarter 2021 financial year net profit of US$6.47m. During the quarter, the company’s cement sales volumes fell by 1.4% to 2.63Mt from 2.67Mt, while its clinker sales volumes fell by 88% to 38,000t from 324,000t. For the full 2022 financial year, India Cements’ sales of cement rose by 2% to 9.07Mt from 8.9Mt. Coal costs ended the financial year at US$300/t, five times the 31 March 2021 price of US$60/t.

India Cements said “The spiralling prices of fuel, along with the shortage in availability of the same, affected the margins of the industry. The woes of the industry worsened further with the outbreak of Russia's war with Ukraine resulting in sanctions being imposed on Russia and its exports, fuelling further shortage of coal and oil in the market.”

India: Grasim Industries' full-year consolidated sales were US$12.3bn in the 2022 financial year, up by 25% year-on-year from US$9.85bn. Its net profit rose by 60% to US$1.44bn from US$901m.

Saudi Arabia: Najran Cement recorded sales of US$37.3m in the first quarter of 2022, down by 24% year-on-year from US$49.2m. The producer's net profit was US$6.21m in the quarter, down by 61% from US$16.1m. During the quarter, the production costs increased for the company.

India: Ramco Cements’ earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) in the 2022 financial year were US$169m, down by 17% year-on-year from US$204m in the 2021 financial year. The producer’s profit after tax also rose by 17%, to US$115m from US$98m.

The Hindu Business Line newspaper has reported that the company attributed its full-year earnings decline to increased fuel costs and reduced cement prices. In the fourth quarter of the 2022 financial year, power and fuel costs rose by 88% year-on-year to US$60.1m from US$31.9m.

Egypt: Arabian Cement more than doubled its consolidated sales year-on-year to US$57.4m in the first quarter of 2022 from US$23.4m in the first quarter of 2021. During the quarter, the producer recorded a profit of US$3.19m, compared to a US$343,000 loss in the corresponding quarter of 2021.