
Displaying items by tag: CCI
CCI approves Dalmia’s acquisition of Jaiprakash Associates’ cement and power assets
16 February 2023India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved a US$684m deal related to Dalmia Cement’s acquisition of cement, clinker and power plants of Jaiprakash Associates Limited (JAL).
Dalmia Cement says that the acquisition - which includes 9.4Mt/yr of cement capacity, 6.7Mt/yr of clinker capacity and 280MW of power generation capacity - will allow it to expand its footprint into the central region and transform into a pan-Indian company. More than half of JAL’s cement capacity is in central India. Dalmia Cement anticipates reaching a cement production capacity of 75Mt/yr by the 2027 fiscal year and, due to other expansion plans, 110 - 130Mt/yr by the 2031 fiscal year.
This latest transaction, once approved by the relevant regulators, will see the complete exit of JAL from the cement business.
CCI approves sale of JSW Cement stake to holding company
20 August 2021India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of a 12.55% stake in JSW Cement Ltd by Singapore-based AP Asia Opportunistic Holdings Pte Ltd under the green channel route on 19 August 2021. Green channel is an automatic approval system, whereby a combination is deemed to have been approved by the CCI upon receiving the filing of the notice for the combination by the parties concerned.
The CCI stated that there were no overlaps between the parties to the proposed transaction and therefore it does not raise any risk of an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India, according to a notice filed with the regulator.
India’s ever-expanding cement capacity
11 August 2021Dalmia Bharat managing director Puneet Dalmia characterised India’s cement industry as one of ‘many regions and many players’ in an interview on 10 August 2021. It is equally an industry of many plants – which are seemingly larger and more numerous by the week.
On 9 August 2021, Orient Cement announced an investment of US$215m to increase its Devapur, Telangana, cement plant’s capacity by 53% to 11.5Mt/yr from 7.5Mt/yr. Another Southeast Indian producer, Ramco Cements, plans to invest a total of US$135m in upgrades in the 2022 financial year; it completed US$53.9m (40%) of the planned investments in the first quarter alone. NCL Industries is planning a US$13.5m expansion of its 2.7Mt/yr Mattapalli, Telangana, cement plant by 33% to 3.6Mt/yr and the establishment of a new 0.66Mt/yr grinding plant at nearby Anakapalle for US$26.9m by 2022. Thus, a single state has at least 5.56Mt/yr-worth of new capacity in the pipeline with US$337m-worth of pending investments. If the central government grants the Telangana government’s 6 August 2021 request to reopen Cement Corporation of India’s Adilabad cement plant in the state, this will be joined by a further 4.0Mt/yr of ‘old’ capacity.
Nationally, investments in on-going cement plant projects total US$1.81bn. What is remarkable here is the continued drive to expand despite existing overcapacity. Puneet Dalmia estimates that Indian capacity utilisation will be 70% in 2021. Despite this, his company plans to increase its installed capacity by 17% to 36.0Mt/yr in the (current) 2022 financial year and by 57% to 48.5Mt/yr with the realisation of all on-going projects by the 2024 financial year, from 30.8Mt in August 2021. By 2030, the group aims to more than triple its installed capacity to over 110Mt/yr. Dalmia says that, if it is to achieve this, it will be not as another South and East Indian regional company, but a ‘pan-India, pure play cement producer.’
Dalmia’s confidence is founded on the belief that overcapacity will abate. His assurance is more than just that of an investor: when, in July 2021, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade established an advisory body, the Cement Industry Development Council (CIDC), to help tackle the oversupply issue, it appointed him as chair. Puneet Dalmia predicts that capacity utilisation will rise to 85% ‘within a few years’. Consolidation is key: over the same hazily defined time period, the top five producers’ 57% share of the cement market will rise to 65%, he believes. Rising fuel costs and restrictive limestone mining licencing will deter would-be cement plant start-ups; anticipated carbon costs should clear away a lot of old wood.
Demand is the other half of the coin in India’s attempt to pitch market forces against overcapacity. In the first quarter of the 2022 financial year, cement demand fell by an estimated 20% amid the Covid-19-led collapse of rural housing’s bagged cement uptake. This type of sales roughly accounts for a third of Indian cement consumption. Other construction segments have proved more resilient. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government, never infrastructure-shy, chose to resume national projects after India’s Covid-19 lockdown ended on 10 May 2020, keeping them running through subsequent waves of the pandemic. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) continued with 480 projects covering 25,000km of road. In Andhra Pradesh, the state government is building 122,000 new homes. Cement producers have been able to corner pent-up demand to shift their stock at a generous margin.
The Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Associations of India (CREDAI) claimed on 9 August 2021 that the price of cement is hampering the realisation of affordable housing targets, and lobbied the government to reduce the goods and services tax on cement to 18% from 28%. In parts of the country, state governments have taken the matter into their own hands. The Kerala government set out to take over 25% of the Keralan cement industry on 5 July 2021. Its plan: increasing cement production, a policy which it is already implementing via state-owned Malabar Cements and Travancore Cements.
Puneet Dalmia claimed on 10 August 2021 that India’s per-capita cement demand is 200kg/yr, corresponding to a total national demand of 276Mt/yr and 60% below the purported global average of 500kg/yr. Given India’s development trajectory, growth is nearly inevitable. Puneet Dalmia is unequivocal in his medium-term prediction: Indian cement revenues will rise at a rate of 9–10% per annum, outstripping forecast gross domestic product (GDP) growth by 2%.
Indian cement’s tale of rebound and growth is borne out in the latest financial reports. UltraTech Cement’s first-quarter sales in the 2021 financial year were US$1.59bn, up by 54% year-on-year from US$1.03bn in the first quarter of the 2020 financial year. Its cement sales rose by 47% in the period to 21.5Mt from 14.6Mt. In its 2021 first-half report, Ambuja Cements recorded year-on-year sales growth of 41%, to US$930m from US$659m, and cement sales growth of 36% to 13.5Mt from 9.95Mt. This is echoed both in the other Indian producers’ reports and internationally: France-based Vicat named India alongside its home country as an area of particular sales growth in the first half of 2021, especially in the second quarter.
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s demonstration of the impacts of human activity on the climate in a report published on 9 August 2021 might lead an observer to ask “What’s the good?” in all this growth. In the face of the immense benefits cement offers to the lives of Indians, a more pertinent question would be “How best can growth happen?” Ambuja Cement’s aforementioned plan to grind clinker with fly ash is a step in the right direction. Another is Vedanta Aluminium’s proposed fly ash and bauxite residue supply deal, for which it is seeking a cement industry partner. The new Cement Industry Development Council’s remit extends to the coordination of the sector’s efforts towards maximising efficiency and eliminating waste. ACC and Ambuja Cements are participating in parent company Holcim’s Plants of Tomorrow programme, which aims to increase the efficiency of cement production through better plant optimisation, higher plant availability and a safer working environment. Dalmia Bharat has a goal of net zero CO2 cement production by 2040, and a plan for getting there.
Pan-Indian producers are on the rise. Big companies desperate to modernise and implement their models of sustainable growth are blazing a trail. The size gains will be a national marvel - if the promises of sustainability are realised. What will be lost is the Indian cement industry’s festival of local and regional producers. Though still an industry of many regions and many players, its regions are increasingly close together, its players increasingly few.
CCI examining fresh complaint against India’s cement makers
18 December 2015India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is examining a fresh complaint of alleged unfair business practices made against cement makers, according to CCI chairman Ashok Chawala. The development comes against the backdrop of the quashing of a US$949m fine imposed on them by the regulator in a previous case.
Chawla said that the CCI is looking into a fresh complaint filed against cement companies. The Confederation of Real Estate Developer's Associations of India (CREDAI), which has about 10,000 members, approached the CCI against the Cement Manufacturers' Association (CMA) in September 2015. In October 2015, the CREDAI said that the association had filed a complaint against the CMA as prices have risen sharply despite low demand for cement.
"To control the cost of construction and make home prices work for the common man, the CREDAI has moved the CCI against cement manufacturers who have been unduly increasing the cost of cement," said the CREDAI. Despite low demand, the association had said that the prices of cement have jumped by 20 – 40% in major cities across India since October 2015.
India: The real estate developers' association Credai has moved the Competition Commission of India (CCI) against cement manufacturers that it claims have unduly increased the cost of cement. Credai has also highlighted the violation of CCI's 'cease and desist' order of 2012 by cement manufacturers, according to a statement from the industry body.
Credai said that the cost of raw materials used in cement manufacturing fell between January 2015 and September 2015, but that cement companies have not passed on the benefit to customers. Hinting at a cartel-like operation, it was also alleged that cement companies seem to be working together to control supply and prices. Housing and other real estate sectors account for nearly half of the cement demand in India. Despite low demand, cement prices have jumped by 20 – 40% in top cities across the country in the past couple of months.
"It is unfair that the cement manufacturers indulge in practices that control the prices of cement. The CCI has warned cement manufacturers in the past as well, but it is unfortunate that they seem to be continuing with their price and market manipulation," said Credai national president Getamber Anand.
At its annual general meeting in September 2015, Credai's board took the decision to stop procurement of cement from companies like UltraTech, Lafarge and others that unilaterally increased cement prices in the past month.
India’s competition authority approves Italcementi purchase
25 September 2015India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved German firm HeidelbergCement's proposed acquisition of Italcementi SpA in India. The CCI first announced this information in a tweet that said that it had approved of the 'acquisition of Italcementi SPA by Heidelberg Cement AG.'
India: LafargeHolcim has entered into a letter agreement with Birla Corporation Limited, subject to approval by the Competition Commission of India (CCI), for the divestment of certain assets in India as part of the merger for US$768m. The proceeds from the sale of the divestment business will be used to further reduce debt.
The assets include Lafarge's Sonadih cement plant and Jojobera grinding plant in Eastern India, which have 5.15Mt/yr of cement production capacity. The transaction with Birla Corporation will be submitted to the CCI for approval and is subject to other regulatory approvals and customary conditions. Following the divestment, LafargeHolcim will have around 68Mt/yr of cement capacity in India.
LafargeHolcim merger receives clearance in India
01 April 2015India: Lafarge and Holcim have received clearance from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) for their proposed merger.
A package of asset divestments has been agreed with the CCI which includes Lafarge's Sonadih cement plant and its Jojobera grinding station, with a total of approximately 5Mt/yr of production capacity, in Eastern India. LafargeHolcim will have a cement capacity of around 68Mt/yr in India.
The divestment process will be carried out in the framework of the relevant social processes and ongoing dialogue with the employee representatives' bodies. The divestment process will be completed subject to the closing of the merger between Lafarge and Holcim.
LafargeHolcim asked to divest assets in eastern India by CCI
23 February 2015India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has requested that LafargeHolcim divest some of its units, including limestone reserves, to prevent a monopoly in eastern India.
When Lafarge and Holcim initially announced their intention to merge operations in April 2014, they proposed a series of asset divestments in countries where they had a significant market share, but India was not among them.
After prima facie investigations by the CCI revealed that the combination would likely have an appreciable adverse effect on competition, especially in eastern India, the CCI launched, what it calls, Phase II investigations. It put the merger proposal in public scrutiny under Section 29(3) of the Competition Act, 2002 and invited comments from stakeholders including competitors. The CCI has now stated that the merger proposal is fine, but certain assets must be divested in eastern India.
According to local media, the assets can be sold to a company that is not a competitor. LafargeHolcim has 30 days to respond to the CCI's suggestions.
CCI to decide on LafargeHolcim merger in February 2015
20 January 2015India: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) will soon decide on the proposed merger of Lafarge and Holcim, according to CCI chairman Ashok Chawla on 19 January 2015. "The final order on the case should be out within a month," said Chawla.
The CCI is examining the merger as it raises competition concerns. In a joint filing to CCI, Lafarge and Holcim had said that they would continue to face aggressive competition from Indian cement makers such as UltraTech, Shree Cement and Jaypee at a pan-India level.
The total installed capacity of cement in India is about 350 Mt. Domestic consumption, which stood at 242Mt in 2011 - 2012, was expected to increase to 265Mt in 2012 - 2013.