Displaying items by tag: China
Will the US trade war on China affect cement?
18 July 2018The US government proposed placing tariffs on cement this week as part of its slowly-escalating trade war against China. The latest list will face a 10% tariff from the end of August 2018 following a consultation period. Of relevance to the cement industry, it will include limestone flux, quicklime, slaked lime, gypsum, anhydrite, clinkers of Portland, aluminous, slag, supersulfate and similar hydraulic cements, white Portland cement, Portland cement, aluminous cement, slag cement, refractory cements, additives for cement, cement based building materials and more.
Graph 1: Imports of hydraulic cement and clinker to the US from China, 2012 – 2017. Source: United States Geologic Survey (USGS).
Graph 2: Major exporters of hydraulic cement and clinker (Mt) to the US in 2017. Source: United States Geologic Survey (USGS).
At face value it seems unlikely that the tariffs will do much direct damage to the cement sectors in either China or the US. United States Geological Survey (USGS) data reports that the US imported 2Mt of cement and clinker from China in 2017 out of a total of 13.6Mt of imports. China was the third-largest exporter of cement to the US after Canada and Greece. Given the mammoth size of the Chinese cement industry - it sold 2.3Bnt in 2017 according to National Bureau of Statistics of China - it is unlikely that losing this export stream will cause the sector to lose much sleep. If the exports are coming from smaller producers though it might well impact upon them disproportionally. Any potential shortfall in the US is likely to be met by any number of the world’s overproducing cement nations. Vietnam, Iran (!) and Indonesia are the first few candidates that spring to mind.
The other point to consider from the USGS data is that the value of the cement imported from China in 2017 was on the cheaper side. Altogether the value of Chinese imported cement came to US$132m in 2017. Yet it was the fifth cheapest for cost, insurance and freight per tonne out of 32 importing countries. Add a 10% tariff to that and it is still only the eighth cheapest. If these figures represent reality then it seems unlikely that tariffs will cause the Chinese imports to slow down much.
All of this pretty much fits the general impression of China as a country that produces the most cement in the world but it actually exports very little of it. Consultancies like Ad and Marcia Ligthart’s Cement Distribution Consultants have made a point of downplaying China’s export market in recent years due to a lack of deep water terminals for plants and a general inward focus. Yet the sheer amount of production capacity could have big implications if it ever does get properly connected to the sea.
Other products facing the new tariffs that have relevance for the cement industry include input materials like gypsum or secondary cementitious materials (SCM) like slag and fly ash. Gypsum isn’t likely to be a concern given the presence of established exporters in Canada, Spain, Thailand, Oman and the like. SCMs are more mercurial but don’t appear to be too intrinsic to the US market. Ferrous slag imports grew to 2Mt in 2015 according to USGS data but the main sources were Japan, Canada, Spain and Germany. Charles Zeynel of ZAG International at the Global Slag Conference 2018 posited that Chinese exports comprised up to 6Mt or 25% of the world market of traded international slag.
All of this suggests a symbolic nature to the US tariffs on Chinese cement and related products. Perhaps the real news story to have noted this week was the framework agreement signed between Denmark’s FLSmidth and China’s China National Building Material (CNBM), the world’s largest cement producer and one of its larger cement equipment manufacturers.
Typically many of the new cement plant projects Global Cement has reported upon recently involve a Chinese contractor that may or may not be using European engineering from companies like FLSmidth who previously would have been managing the build themselves. The point here is that new plants, production lines and upgrades at US cement plants might well be built by a Chinese company through its European partners. The new upgrade to Lehigh Hanson’s Mitchell plant in Indiana has been budgeted at US$600m. This is far more than the value of Chinese cement imported into the US in 2017.
China/Denmark: Denmark’s FLSmdith and China National Building Material (CNBM) have signed a framework agreement about future collaboration. Song Zhiping, chairman of CNBM Group and Thomas Schulz, Group chief executive officer (CEO) of FLSmidth signed the deal at FLSmidth’s headquarters in Denmark in July 2018.
"It was a pleasure to welcome the guests and to participate in such collaborative discussions about future opportunities to work together. Through this framework agreement, we see numerous benefits over the coming years for us and our customers, such as expediting our quotation response time, which will improve our delivery performance and increase productivity," said Schulz.
FLSmidth is an engineering company that provides machinery and connected services to the cement and mineral industries. CNBM Group is both the world’s largest cement producer and a leading cement plant construction company. The companies have worked together on projects previously, such as the Relizane cement plant order for ETHRB Group in Algeria.
Tangshan shuts down cement plants for five days
17 July 2018China: The city of Tangshan ordered cement and steel plants to shut down for five days to prevent pollution. The directive followed a forecast of heavy smog in mid-July 2018, according to a source quoted by Reuters. Tangshan, an industrial city, is located in the northeast of Hebei province.
US government proposes tariffs on Chinese cement
11 July 2018US/China: The Office of the US Trade Representative has proposed placing a 10% tariff on mineral and other products from China including cement. The list includes over 600 items and it will come into force following a period for public comment in August 2018.
Mineral products affected by the proposed tariffs of interest to the cement industry include limestone flux, quicklime, slaked lime, gypsum, anhydrite, clinkers of Portland, aluminous, slag, supersulfate and similar hydraulic cements, white Portland cement, Portland cement, aluminous cement, slag cement, refractory cements, additives for cement, cement based building materials and more.
The inclusion of additional products to a tariff list follows an earlier decision by the US government to tax imports from China worth US$34bn that came into force in early July 2018.
China Triumph International Engineering to manage second production line build at STG’s Adrar cement plant
11 July 2018Algeria: China Triumph International Engineering (CTIE) is set to start procuring equipment for a US$211m production line at STG Engineering and Real Estate Development’s plant at Adrar. The line will be the second production line at the site and it will have a production capacity of 4200t/day of marine cement, according to Inside International Industrials. CTIE is the engineering, procurement and construction contractor for the project and its subsidiary Beijing Triumph International Engineering will manage the engineering design work.
Wuhu suspends cement production for six days
29 June 2018China: The city of Wuhu has suspended cement production for local producers for six days. Anhui Conch, South Cement and Leida Cement have all been affected, according to Hexun. Local production is expected to drop by 0.5Mt/yr.
China: Austria’s RHI Magnesita plans to invest Euro20m in its dolomite plant in China. It is intended to address global pressures in the supply of raw materials to the refractory industry and ‘rapidly’ provide additional volumes to its customers worldwide. In the medium term more than 250 jobs will be created at the brick plant and raw material mine in Chizhou.
The Chizhou site includes an ‘extensive’ dolomite mine and raw material production as well as facilities for the production of high-quality dolomite-based finished products. Successful trials are already underway in the brick plant in Chizhou where it is planned to start production by the beginning of 2019. The raw dolomite mine is planned to resume operation by the end of 2019. This overall investment will eventually lead to the creation of up to 250 jobs.
“After the completion of the investment, RHI Magnesita will be able to offer a fully integrated dolomite source in each of the big regions of the world to our customers and simultaneously offer dual sourcing options,” said Stefan Borgas, the chief executive officer (CEO) of RHI Magnesita. He added that the investment will allow the company to offer its customers in Asia shorter lead times and provide additional capacity to customers in North America, Europe and Asia from local sources.
Borgas went on to say that stricter environmental regulations in China have led to local plant closures, resulting in shortages of both magnesite and dolomite, ‘dramatic’ increases in raw material cost and supply security issues. These developments have accelerated the shift from magnesia- to dolomite based products. High stainless steel production has further fuelled demand for refractory products and compounded the pressure on raw material supplies.
Huaxin Cement to build US$140m plant in Nepal
25 June 2018Nepal: Huaxin Cement has signed a project investment agreement with the Investment Board Nepal (IBN) to build a US$140m plant. Xu Gang, vice-president of Huaxin Cement signed the deal with Maha Prasad Adhikari, the chief executive (CEO) of IBN, during a visit by Nepalese Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli to Beijing, according to the Kathmandu Post. The unit will have a production capacity of 3000t/day. The local subsidiary, Huaxin Cement Narayani, has already acquired a limestone mine at Panikharkha in Dhading. The IBN will also support the project by assisting the government to build a transmission line to supply 18MW of electricity to the unit.
KP Sharma Oli also signed an agreement with the Chinese government to build a cross-border railway between Kathmandu and Kerung in Tibet.
Nepal: Shivam Cement has received approval from the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON) to launch an initial public offering. It will be the first cement producer in the country to become public, according to the Republica newspaper. Shivam Cement operates a 1250t/day plant and it has a captive limestone mine. The company also holds a 30% share in Hongshi-Shivam Cement, a Nepalese-Chinese joint venture that has started trial production at the Hongshi Cement near Dumkibaas in Nawalparasi district.
Kazakhstan: Gezhouba Shieli Cement plans to commission its 1Mt/yr plant in the Kyzylorda region in December 2018. The US$188m unit will be used to produce oil well cement, according to Interfax. The project is a joint venture majority owned by Chinese investors with a minority stake from a local cement company. The plant is being built by China Triumph International Engineering.