Displaying items by tag: Coal India

India: State-owned coal supplier Coal India has recorded a 17% year-on-year decline in deliveries of coal to cement plants in May 2022. Its coal supply to captive power plants also dropped in the month, by 40% year-on-year.

Coal India is the leading coal mining company globally. Its main customers are energy, cement and steel companies.

India: Coal India plans to supply 4.65Mt/yr of coal to the cement industry via online auctions until 2023. Of this amount 1.14Mt/yr will be despatched by railway and the rest by road, according to a Coal India executive quoted by the Economics Times newspaper. Most of the coal will be supplied by Coal India’s subsidiary South Eastern Coalfields with the rest sourced from Western Coalfields, Mahanadi Coalfields and Eastern Coalfields. Bharat Coking Coal and North Eastern Coalfields are not part of the auction, as they do not offer any coal to the cement sector.

India: Prism Cement has purchased 120,000t/yr of coal from South Eastern Coalfields, a subsidiary of Coal India. The cement producer successfully bid for the fuel in a recently held auction of coal linkages for the cement industry. The company said that it has secured part of its fuel requirement for the next five years and the allocation by Coal India has been made at the floor price.

This week brought the news that, following testing by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), some 27,402t or US$49.8m of Nestlé's Maggi noodles had to be recalled from the market due to allegedly high levels of lead. But what do you do with 27,402t of noodles deemed unsafe for human consumption?

The solution was incineration. Five cement plants will take 40 days, which started on 9 June 2015, to consume all of the noodles as an alternative fuel. "This was the most environment-friendly solution to destroy the recalled noodles," said Luca Fichera, executive vice president of Nestlé's supply chain in India.

India's fuel supply is notoriously unreliable. Coal is the dominant fuel used for cement and power production in India, however, supplies have been inconstant in terms of both quality and quantity for some time now. To shore up the coal supply, the government cancelled, reallocated and auctioned 214 of the 218 coal blocks in India, starting in September 2014. According to local media, Coal India, which still operates most of the blocks, is now expected to increase its coal production capacity by as much as 60Mt in 2015, following 7% production growth in the 2014 - 2015 financial year. However, there is still a major coal shortage in the country and recent reports by India's coal ministry suggest that the new coal linkages will increase coal costs. The new coal linkage process will see sales go via an auction system instead of a static price. Coal costs for cement producers are expected to rise by as much as 25% as a result.

Given India's long-standing fuel supply problems, its cement producers may wish to learn from the use of Nestlé's Maggi noodles as alternative fuels in cement plants. Instead of viewing the coal shortage as a challenge, it might instead be considered an opportunity to increase alternative fuel use, reducing costs and moving to more environmentally-friendly cement production. In addition to the standard industrial, municipal and household waste, among others, India might look to use some of the large quantities of waste biomass that must surely be produced from its agricultural sector. Like the game, 'Hungry, hungry hippos,' India's cement plants could consume a wide variety of nearby wastes in place of coal.

Valentines Day 2015 (14 February 2015) saw the kick-off of India's first round of coal mine auctions - who said that the commercialisation of Valentines Day is a bad thing? For those not following the story, here's a brief summary of the key events that have led to the auctions:

Coal, the main fuel used for cement and power production in India, has been in short supply in recent years due to the shortcomings of state-owned Coal India Ltd (CIL), which produces around 80% of India's coal and owns 90% of its coal mines. In 2013-2014, CIL produced 462Mt of coal, missing a target of 482Mt. Demand is expected to reach 950Mt/yr by 2016 - 2017. Numerous cement plants have had to temporarily cease production due to inadequate coal supplies. This is in spite of India's estimated 302Bnt of coal reserves, more than enough to supply both the power and cement industries. Coalgate indeed!

On 24 September 2014, India's Supreme Court cancelled 214 of the 218 coal blocks that had been allocated since 1993. The blocks were for captive use by the cement, steel and power industries, but the allocation process had been accused of lacking transparency. Of the cancelled blocks, 12 belonged to cement companies. The re-allocation of the cancelled blocks commenced in December 2014, when 36 of the 98 viable coal blocks were allocated. A transparent auction process for 21 of the cancelled blocks for end-usage in power, cement and iron production started on 14 February 2015. In March 2015, a further 23 blocks will be auctioned. CIL was requested to steer clear of the bidding by the Indian government.

Reliance Cement and Jaiprakash Associates, as well as Aditya Birla Group's Hindalco Industries, have all won coal mines during the first three days of bidding. Prices ranged from US$22.5/t to US$45.9/t. UltraTech Cement and JSW Cement both placed bids, but have so far been beaten by rivals. There are still many opportunities for cement producers to win coal mines, although whether the locations are suitable is another matter.

With captive coal mines in hand for India's luckiest cement producers, fuel shortages should become a problem of the past. As India's coal-fired power companies are also bidding fiercely in the auctions, power supplies throughout the country should become more reliable. However, one only needs to look at Afghanistan's Ghori I cement plant to see that having a captive coal mine is not always the answer to fuel shortages; due to internal disputes and poor mining equipment, its coal mine production is poor and the plant operates only intermittently. Hopefully, any cement companies new to coal mining will invest in equipment wisely and ensure an efficient supply chain. As with any large purchase, or indeed Valentines Day, India's coal mine auctions are very much a case of caveat emptor...

India: The government is expecting aggressive bids for all of the 46 coal blocks whose reallocation will start on 14 February 2015, especially for blocks assigned to end-use power generation. However, for the blocks apportioned to the unregulated sector, including the cement, steel and captive power industries, the cement sector is likely to step carefully. Cement companies lost allocations to 12 coal blocks following a Supreme Court order that held all captive coal allocations as illegal.

Imported coal prices fell sharply in 2014, easing the economics of cement production. If prices of imported coal turn volatile however, cement companies face further problems. "We cannot depend solely on imported coal prices staying low and neither can the government assure good quality coal on the open market. We expect to see aggressive bidding for the blocks," said H M Bangur, managing director of Shree Cement.

As per the bid regulations by the ministry of coal, there will be a forward bidding model for the steel and cement sectors. Forward bidding implies aggressive bidding for the coal blocks since the price of these commodities is market-driven. The government has to reallocate 46 operational coal blocks through auction by 31 March 2015.

India: The Coal Ministry has begun the process of allotment of mines to central and state public sector units, starting with the allotment of 36 coal blocks.

The Supreme Court had in September 2014 scrapped all but four of 218 coal blocks allocated by the government over the past two decades, in a tougher-than-expected ruling that sank shares of companies that have invested heavily in projects around the concessions. Most power, steel and cement companies that won blocks have until end-March to return them and the government then plans to auction them off. The previous practice of selective allocation was ruled illegal and arbitrary by the court.

Coal secretary Anil Swarup said that the ministry has started the process of coal allocation. "Today, we are issuing a notification for the allotment of 36 coal blocks. More mines will be added subsequently depending on the requirement. It will depend on the request we receive from state entities or the public sector undertakings in terms of allocation of coal blocks," said Swarup. He added that the ministry would issue guidelines for the coal blocks and those firms that already have coal linkages will have to surrender them. Once the linkages are surrendered then more coal will be made available to state-owned Coal India Limited. Coal India accounts for about 80% of the country's total output. Coal fuels 60% of the country's power production.

"Out of 101 mines, we are looking at 98 mines, as the coal ministry has examined them and it was discovered that there were three blocks in a 'No Go' area. Out of 98 mines, 36 blocks are going for allocation. 42 mines are auctioned, 23 blocks are in schedule II and 23 blocks are in schedule III. The remaining 16 will be auctioned in the future," said Swarup. Around 167 bidders have requested to visit the coal block site.

Coal India plans to engage an external consultant to examine various structures and implementation models to auction the coal linkages. The consultant would examine various structures and implementations models for the auction of coal linkages / LoAs (Letter of Assurances) or other such market-based mechanisms and to recommend the optimal structure that would meet the requirements of all the stakeholders.

India: A strike by coal workers' unions would impact industrial growth across the country, industry chambers said. It asked the trade unions to resolve their grievances in an amicable manner.

"The strike would impact industrial growth across India, especially in power-deficient northern and southern regions, resulting in long unplanned outages," said Assocham secretary general D S Rawat. "The strike would impact all industries based on coal, including the cement industries that are already reeling under the pressure of raw material prices."

Over 75% of India's daily coal output has been hit as the five-day strike by workers of State-run miners entered the second day on 7 January 2015, raising fears of disruption in power supplies. The industrial action is in protest of 'disinvestment and restructuring of state-run Coal India' and to press for demands, including the roll-back of what unions call 'process of denationalising of coal sector.'

Appealing to all trade unions to call off the strike, Process Harmony Development (PHD) chamber president Alok Shriram said that they should negotiate with the government to resolve their concerns and grievances in an amicable manner. The government has begun an exercise to reform India with progressive and modest policies to put it on the path of accelerated growth. Any sort of strike to oppose and obstruct the evolving policies would harm the country's economic interest, according to Shriram.

"The path of strike serves neither workers nor the policy makers. Therefore, the working class of Coal India ought to seek redressal of their grievances through negotiations," said Shriram.

Update: According to Reuters, the strike has been called off on the second day (7 January 2015) after the government agreed to re-examine the decision.

Power minister Piyush Goyal agreed to form a committee to look into any issues with a recently-passed executive order that would allow auctions of coal mines to private companies for their own use, as well as allowing commercial mining in the future.

"We have withdrawn the strike," said Jibon Roy, a senior union leader. "The minister agreed to form a committee. They will see what are the problems in the ordinance (executive order). Normal discussions on other demands will continue."

India: The government has asked Coal India Ltd (CIL) to stay away from the initial rounds of coal block auctions due in January 2015 that are meant for the cement, power and steel industries. The state-run monopoly miner has, however, requested the government to reallocate a few blocks to it, including two that it had lost that were being jointly developed with private firms.

"We are a commercial producer of coal and we do not fit into the category for which the blocks are being auctioned," said a senior CIL official. "CIL will stay away from the first rounds of auctions." However, CIL is likely to participate in bidding when coal blocks are auctioned for commercial mining.

The company has requested that the government return the blocks that it lost following the Supreme Court's order rendering almost all allotments illegal 'because substantial investment has already been made by all parties in these blocks.' CIL had floated majority joint ventures with two private companies to undertake mining projects in those two blocks.

India: The Indian government plans to hasten the coal block reallocation to the private sector through auctions, although the new Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Ordinance skips the issue of a regulator. According to government officials, 74 producing blocks would be put up for online auction by December 2014 and a regulator will not be not required.

"The coal blocks, which would be put for e-auction, are all for end-usage in power, cement and iron production," said a government official. "It's the commercial mining by private companies that needs to be put under vigilance and that would be done later after the first batch of auction commences."

Valuation of coal reserves and assets in the 74 blocks will be done by a committee under Pratyush Sinha, former chief vigilance commissioner. The transparent auction process in December 2014 will start with a pool of 42 operational and 32 nearing-production mines.

Through the ordinance, the government has added enabling provisions in the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) (CMN) Act, 1973 and the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, to allow commercial mining in the country.

"The priority is to make available coal to the sectors in want of fuel. Undoubtedly, once the sector opens up, a regulator would be needed. The powers and constitution of the regulatory body is yet to be dwelt upon and it would be for the non-operational cancelled coal blocks," said a government official.