Displaying items by tag: Mitsubishi Materials

Vietnam: Nghi Son Cement Corporation has despatched its first batch of cement to customers in the US. The shipment consisted of 31,500t of cement produced at the company's Thanh Hoa cement plant. Việt Nam News has reported that the producer moved into the US market due to declining cement demand domestically.

Nghi Son Cement Corporation is a joint venture of Vietnam Cement Corporation (Vicem), Japan-based Taiheiyo Cement and Japan-based Mitsubishi Materials.

The two largest cement producers in Japan released their results for their 2023 financial years this week. Much like manufacturers elsewhere in the world they reported mounting sales revenues, but they also noted losses. Input prices such as coal rose in 2022 and these were passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. However, this was insufficient to stop them making a loss.

In the case of Taiheiyo Cement, its domestic sales volumes of cement remained stable at 13.4Mt in the year to 31 March 2023. It made a loss at home in Japan but still reported a profit in its overseas businesses, despite export volumes falling by 41% year-on-year to 2.44Mt. The group also noted delays at construction sites due to a lack of workers. Recent domestic developments for Taiheiyo include an agreement in October 2022 to buy the cement business of chemicals company Denka. Outside of Japan, in China, the group suspended the production and sale of cement from its Jiangnan-Onoda Cement subsidiary in February 2023 citing a 'tougher competitive environment,' although it justified this decision as part of its strategy to refocus on Southeast Asia. Then, in late April 2023, the company was forced to stop its proposed acquisition of the Tehachapi cement plant in the US due to an inability to obtain regulatory approval.

Sumitomo Osaka reported a similar situation, with cement sales volumes also down year-on-year. Again, cement price increases were unable to catch coal prices made worse by negative currency exchange effects. Having got the bad news out of the way, it then it took the opportunity to outline its medium term strategy to 2035. It said that becoming carbon neutral was the key to this. In its 2022 financial year cement accounted for around 70% of total sales. However, it is now aiming to reduce this to 65% by 2025 and 50% by 2035. If this sounds familiar this is because it is similar to what Holcim is doing with its growing light building materials division and its diversification away from the heavy building materials trio of cement, concrete and aggregates. Sumitomo Osaka plans to invest over US$3.5bn towards this goal by developing its presence in the semiconductors sector, building its business in Australia and starting new ventures in decarbonisation.

Of the other cement producers, Tokuyama Corporation said in late April 2023 that it was considering suspending operation of one of the three kilns at its 4.54Mt/yr Nanyo cement plant as part of measures to strengthen profitability. It reported a growing loss for the current financial year that it blamed on raw material and fuel costs. Mitsubishi Materials and Ube Industries formed their merged cement businesses in April 2022 known as Mitsubishi UBE Cement Corporation. Ube said, as part of its latest financial results, that, despite a gradual decrease in the domestic market, cement sales had remained stable but that the business was “heavily affected” by rising energy prices such as coal. It added that demand for cement and concrete remain strong in its overseas market in North America.

Graph 1: Sales and exports of cement in Japan from 2013 – 2022. Source: Japan Cement Association.

The Japanese cement market peaked in the 1990s. Domestic sales of cement in Japan have declined over the last decade, as can be seen in Graph 1 above, but at a slower rate. Exports rose to a peak of just under 12Mt in 2017 but have slipped a little since then. Data from the Japan Cement Association placed production at 53.2Mt in 2022 compared to 61.7Mt in 2013. This trend explains the move by the cement producers towards decarbonisation, offshoring, diversification and consolidation. The bump in fuel prices over the past year may have accelerated this process, as examples such as Taiheiyo Cement’s takeover of Denka and Sumitomo Osaka’s new business strategy suggest. The race continues to keep cement production profitable in a changing business environment.

Japan: Mitsubishi Materials and Ube Industries plan to merge their respective cement businesses and related businesses on 1 April 2022. The new successor company will be temporarily known as C Integration Arrangement before officially becoming known as Mitsubishi UBE Cement Corporation. However, the new name will be subject to input by shareholders.

The two cement producers first announced discussions in early 2020 about a potential merger of their cement businesses and related concerns. They decided to explore merging their cement operations following slowing demand and increased costs due to higher energy prices. They have worked together since 1998 in a joint venture called Ube-Mitsubishi Cement, which integrated their cement sales and logistics operations.

Japan: Mitsubishi Materials and Ube Industries have signed a letter of intent to start discussing a potential merger of their cement businesses and related concerns. If the discussions and a subsequent study are successful, the companies plan to sign a definitive agreement in late September 2020 ahead of an anticipated integration around April 2022. Any formal decision to merge the companies would be subject to approval from the Japan Fair Trade Commission.

The companies have decided to explore merging their cement operations following slowing demand and increased costs due to higher energy prices. They have worked together since 1998 in a joint venture called Ube-Mitsubishi Cement, which integrated their cement sales and logistics operations.

China: Japan’s Mitsubishi Materials has signed an agreement to sell its 66.7% stake in Yantai Mitsubishi Cement in Shandong to a subsidiary of China National Building Material (CNBM). No value for the sale has been revealed, according to Nikkei. Yantai Mitsubishi has a cement production capacity of 1.2Mt/yr. Mitsubishi Materials will also liquidate two of its Chinese cement admixture producers: one in Shandong and the other in Jiangsu.

The materials producer has blamed the decision on cement production overcapacity in the Chinese market and increasing environmental regulations. Mitsubishi Materials was ordered to halt production three times in 2016. It intends to focus on the US market where infrastructure spending is expected to boost the cement market.

Two of Japan's largest cement producers have reported reduced domestic cement sales in the country this week. First, Taiheiyo Cement revised its forecast for its 2017 financial year, ending on 31 March 2017, bringing its estimated net sales down by 2.3%. Then, Ube Group reported that its cement sales had fallen by 7.2% year-on-year to US$1.05bn in the first half of its financial year. Both producers blamed poor weak demand locally, but Ube also cited a poor export market.

Graph 1: Domestic and export cement sales in Japan, 2006 - 2015. Source: Japanese Cement Association.

This last point is interesting because it differs from the latest data released by the Japanese Cement Association (JCA). As can be seen in Graph 1 JCA figures show that exports of cement have been rising since 2013. So far this trend looks likely to continue in 2016. Ube's different experience may arise from its market mix and its distribution of cement plants and transport infrastructure. Both of its cement plants are based in the south of the country. Commentators have attributed the boost in exports to the devaluation of the Yen in 2015 as well as strong brand perception overseas. Unfortunately, this overall rise in exports has been matched by a fall in domestic sales at the same time and this is causing a headache for the major producers. Production too has started to drop since 2014 (Graph 2).

Graph 2: Cement production in Japan, 2006 - 2015. Source: Japanese Cement Association.

Japan's cement market is dominated by four producers - Taiheiyo Group, Mitsubishi Materials, Ube Industries and Sumitomo Osaka Cement - which hold nearly three quarters of the nation's production capacity between them. According to Global Cement Directory 2016 data, Taiheiyo Cement and its subsidiaries is the market leader with over 30% market share with the other three holding 10 - 20% each.

Graph 3: Cement production capacity share in Japan (Mt). Source: Global Cement Directory 2016.

Taiheiyo's downgraded forecast follows poor first quarter results, in which its net sales for its cement business fell by 16% to US$1.19bn. This follows a slight rise in net sales for its cement business in its 2016 financial year due to a boost in sales from its overseas subsidiaries, particularly in the US, that surpass a fall in domestic sales. Sales volumes were 14.7Mt domestically and 4Mt in exports in 2016. Mitsubishi Materials has posted a similar picture with cement sales and profits rising in 2016 before suffering in the first quarter of 2017. Mitsubishi Materials blamed the poor market on a delay in construction work mainly due to labour shortages and sluggish growth in demand from the public sector. Ditto Sumitomo Osaka Cement.

As highlighted by such decision as Tokyo Cement's move to resume exporting clinker to Sri Lanka in early 2015, Japan's cement industry is working hard to compensate for falling demand at home. Increasing exports in Asia Pacific among other massive exporters such as China, Vietnam and South Korea is impressive, although the prominent foothold by Japanese companies in the recovering US market may offer some advantage here. On-going weak demand in China though cuts out one major market for Chinese exporters. However, being a major exporter in a region of major cement producers must be a concern. Although commentators such as Ad Ligthart dismiss the chances of China flooding the world with cheap cement, if they are wrong and Japan continues its reliance on exports it may find itself in deep water. The other risk is if the US authorities decide to get tougher on foreign exports it may knock out one more market for Japanese exports. Too much reliance on exports is always dangerous. In this context, it’s no surprise that Japanese cement producers are blaming the government for insufficient infrastructure spending.

US: Mitsubishi Materials will likely enjoy a higher-than-expected profit in its North American cement operations in the year that ends in March 2016, due to brisk demand for cement and ready-mix concrete.

The North American cement segment's operating profit is expected to be around US$115m, up by 10% year-on-year. The business accounts for nearly 20% of its consolidated operating profit. North American demand for concrete and cement has increased thanks to the construction of housing and commercial facilities, mainly in southern California, where the company's US headquarters is based. Cement demand in southern California is projected to grow by 10% in 2015 and Mitsubishi Materials expects to raise its prices by a few percent. North American profit is likely to offset rising expenses for truck drivers stemming from labour shortages, beating the forecast the company had made at the start of its fiscal year.

For the April - September 2015 period, the strength in the North American cement business will likely help the company's group operating profit reach US$284m, comparable to the same period of 2014 and roughly in line with its forecast. Riding the brisk demand, Mitsubishi Materials plans to increase its US cement capacity by 150% to about 4Mt/yr in its fiscal 2016 or after.

Japan: Major cement makers are dispersing their coal purchases to hedge against the risk of buying when prices are high. Traditionally, cement companies purchase a year's worth of coal in the month of April because price changes have tended to be small. With coal prices becoming more volatile, however, they are keeping a close eye on the market to gauge favourable times to buy.

Producers are hoping to keep costs in check in this way because coal purchases account for at least half of their materials expenses. Taiheiyo Cement has procured only about 30% of its coal supply for the current fiscal year, while Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co. and Mitsubishi Materials Corp. have each purchased around 60%. Sumitomo Osaka Cement, which began spreading out its purchases in the previous fiscal year, is reportedly considering whether or not to disperse costs even further.

Coal prices began rising in 2010 after major floods in Australia and the jump between January and March 2011, which served as the basis for purchase prices in April 2011, was particularly steep. Consequently, Taiheiyo Cement and Sumitomo Osaka Cement are believed to have paid nearly USD 150/t, an increase of 30% on April 2010. Wholesale coal prices are currently at around USD 135/t.

Japan: Post-earthquake reconstruction demand is expected to boost pre-tax profits at four major Japanese cement firms by a combined USD 411m until 2016.

Assuming that their market shares remain the same, reconstruction demand will push up pre-tax profits by USD 187.2m at Taiheiyo Cement Corp, USD 100m at Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., USD 62.4m at Mitsubishi Materials Corp. and USD 62.4m at Ube Industries Ltd.

The Japan Cement Association estimates that 10Mt of cement will be used for reconstruction projects. The figure was arrived at based on damages estimated by the Cabinet Office and how cement sales increased in the aftermath of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The trade group believes that full reconstruction will take about five years.

Cement firms each book an operating profit of about USD 50/t of cement sold. Taiheiyo Cement controls almost 40% of the market in Japan's north-eastern Tohoku region. Reconstruction demand will push up the firm's cement sales by nearly 4Mt, translating to a USD 37.4m contribution to pre-tax profit annually for the next five years.