Displaying items by tag: Price

Two news stories merit a closer look at Argentina this week. Firstly, Loma Negra fired up the kiln on its new 2.7Mt/yr production line at the L’Amalí cement plant in Olavarría. Work on the US$350m started in 2017 but was delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Notably, engineers from China-based Sinoma International Engineering, who built the plant, caused a stir when they arrived in Argentina in full personal protective equipment in late 2020 to continue work on the project. Full commissioning of the second line at the plant is scheduled for July or August 2021.

Almost at the same time, the Argentine government announced it had persuaded local building materials producers to stick to reference prices for construction materials, including cement, in order to control inflation. Loma Negra, Cemento Avellaneda and Petroquímica Comodoro Rivadavia (PCR) were said to be on board with the ‘voluntary’ plan. Building materials prices generally were reported to have risen 85% year-on-year in May 2021 compared to a national inflation rate of 49%. The new arrangement is planned to last until the end of 2021 with revisions to the reference prices every two months.

Graph 1: Cement sales in Argentina including imports and exports, 2016 – 2021. Note that the 2021 figure is an estimate. Source: Asociación de Fabricantes de Cemento Portland (AFCP).

Data from the Asociación de Fabricantes de Cemento Portland (AFCP) doesn’t show any obvious signs of disruption from inflation so far in 2021. Cement sales grew by 50.5% year-on-year to 4.55Mt in the five months to May 2021 from 3.02Mt in the same period in 2020. The cement market in Argentina didn’t shut down but it hit a low of 0.41Mt in April 2020 before compensating with a strong second half of the year, most likely due to pent-up demand as the economy reopened following local coronavirus-related lockdowns. At the time of writing the AFCP has forecast that cement sales will reach 11.3Mt in 2021, a slight rise over the 11.1Mt reported in 2019, when the market was more stable. However, cumulative sales to May 2021 are slightly behind similar sales in 2019.

Loma Negra’s upgrade at its L’Amalí plant follows Holcim Argentina’s inauguration of a new 0.5Mt/yr clinker production line at its Malagueño cement plant in Cordoba in May 2021. This project also added a 0.63Mt/yr cement grinding unit at the site as well as a new 120,000 bag/day despatch unit. Altogether it had a price of US$120m. This followed the announcement in late April 2021 that the subsidiary of LafargeHolcim was planning to open 1000 new branches of its Disensa retail chain in the country by 2024.

Loma Negra reported a 13% drop in sales to US$436m in 2020 from US$500m in 2019. However, its adjusted earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 3% to US$139m from US$136m. This was partly aided by the sales of its Paraguayan operations during 2020. At face value, Cemento Avellaneda had a tougher time of its in 2020 with its sales down by 22% to Euro111m and EBITDA down by 9% to Euro37m. However, once adjusted on a like-for-like basis with constant currencies and without a hyperinflation adjustment, its sales and earnings actually rose by 22% and 45% respectively.

Holcim Argentina’s director Christian Dedeu was interviewed by national news agency Télam in May 2021 around the time of the upgrade at the Malagueño cement plant was officially completed. When asked by the company had made the investment he said that the country had potential for both the residential and infrastructure sectors. He also pointed out that the subsidiary of Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim had been forced to import clinker at times of high demand previously. The announcements for both the Loma Negra and Holcim Argentina new lines were made at the end of 2017 when the market hit a high in sales volumes. Since then the country has faced rocketing inflation, further delays to it debt repayment programme to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the coronavirus pandemic. Producing more commodities, such as clinker, domestically certainly seems enticing with high inflation and unfavourable foreign currency exchange rates. So, the new production lines from Loma Negra and Holcim Argentina are well timed in this sense unless they get hit by any mounting input costs, from imported raw materials for example. On the other hand the government’s measures to curb inflation such as reference prices for cement may constrain the cement producers’ flexibility. As the local construction industry slowly recovers after 2020, continued uncertainty lies ahead.

Kuwait: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has banned all export and re-export of cement and other construction materials from Kuwait. However, it has allowed individual citizens to import construction materials for personal use. The ban is part of a raft of a measures intended to stem the increase in building material prices. The Kuwait News Agency has reported that cement prices rose after the resurgence of the coronavirus outbreak in India suspended Indian imports.

The ministry subsidises building materials including cement and concrete. In May 2021 it paid US$45m towards such subsidies. It continues to monitor the cement market and cement production for ‘unlawful’ price rises.

Kuwait’s cement production capacity is 9.0Mt/yr, while 2020 consumption was 6.0Mt.

Mozambique: Carlos Mesquita, the Minister of Industry and Trade, has said that the government was expecting the price of cement to fall following the opening of the Chinese-backed Dugongo Cement plant at Matutuine in Maputo province. He made the comment in response to a letter by other cement companies asking for government intervention to keep the price high, according to the Journal Notícias newspaper. They alleged that the newcomer is breaking competition legislation. The price of cement has reportedly dropped by as much as 70% since the new plant opened in May 2021.

“We, as a government, know what we’re doing,” said Mesquita. “We have been saying, with regard to cement and to other industries, that we have to assess the costs of production in order to arrive at adequate profit margins and a reliable final price.” He added that Dugongo Cement is the only cement producer currently producing clinker locally.

Argentina: The Ministry of Internal Trade has secured an agreement from national building materials producers, including Loma Negra and Cemento Avellaneda, to restrict the price of building products such as cement. The Clarín newspaper has reported that average building materials prices rose by 85% year-on-year in May 2021, nearly double the inflation rate. The primary cause is a rise in domestic construction. Currency effects have further increased the cost of building due to the dollarization of materials such as steel.

The ministry previously negotiated concerted price reductions in September 2020 and December 2020. Minister for Internal Trade Paula Español urged building materials producers to maximise their capacity utilisation to meet demand and protect the domestic market.

India: The South India Cement Manufacturers’ Association (SICMA) has assured the public that it is collaborating with the Tamil Nadu government to implement concessionary cement prices for lower income homebuilders. The Business Standard has reported that the association and government aim to keep cement available to all. Domestic cement production capacity utilisation has been reported as low as 60% during the second wave of Covid-19 in the country with a 35% month-on-month production drop in April 2021. Increased input costs caused a price rise in the first quarter of the 2022 financial year. Cement prices are reportedly forecast to remain high in the medium term.

Trinidad & Tobago: Trinidad Cement says it has no plans to raises its prices at the current time. However, it reserves the right to do so in the future if its production costs change, according the Trinidad Guardian newspaper. The subsidiary of Mexico-based Cemex said that it had suffered ‘significant’ losses due to government coronavirus-related regulations. It has not sold cement to the local market since early May 2021 with the exception of three construction projects due to the request of the government. The cement producer added that its silos and warehouses were fully stocked and that it was ready to start supply when it is given permission to do so.

Cement shortages at retailers has been reported in June 2021. Cement importer Rock Hard Cement announced earlier in the month that it was set to raise its prices in July 2021 due to increasing prices around the world and volatile shipping rates.

Trinidad and Tobago: Rock Hard Cement says it intends to raise the price of its imported cement in July 2021 due to increasing prices around the world and volatile shipping rates. It added that it expected prices to stabilise in 2022, according to the Trinidad Express newspaper. Cement shortages have been reported at retailers in the country. This has been attributed to local manufacturer Trinidad Cement stopping production in early May 2021 dye to government coronavirus-related health regulations.

India: Cement producers reduced the proportion of coal in their fuel mixes during the fourth quarter of the local 2021 financial year. Ramco Cements’ petcoke use was 41% in the 2021 financial year compared to 48% in the 2020 financial year, according to Mint News. Dalmia Bharat subsidiary Dalmia Cement used 52% petcoke in its cement fuel in the fourth quarter of the 2021 financial year, which ended on 31 March 2021, compared to 70% in the year’s third quarter. In the same comparison periods, Aditya Birla subsidiary UltraTech Cement reduced its petcoke share to 30% from 77%. It replaced the fuel with 60% coal, compared to 10% in the third quarter of the 2021 financial year.

Petcoke prices more than doubled year-on-year to US$130/t in the fourth quarter of the 2021 financial year, leading cement producers to switch fuels. Coal prices have resultantly risen by 82% to US$100/t. Producers rely on imports for both commodities.

Bangladesh: Cement producers are warning of price rises due to a ‘significant’ rise in international freight rates. The Bangladesh Cement Manufacturers Association (BCMA) has expressed concern about the situation, according to the New Nation newspaper. Freight rates to transport clinker from Indonesia, Vietnam or the Middle-East have increased by up to 30% in the last few months. The BCMA has called on the government to cut import duties to keep consumer prices low.

Ivory Coast: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has set caps for the ex-factory and retail price of cement. Maximum prices have been designated for 32.5 and 42.5 grades of Ordinary Portland Cement in both urban and rural areas, according to the Agence de Presse Africaine. The ministry said that arrangements had been made with producers to keep the market supplied. It added that failure to comply with the designated prices would lead to penalties.