Displaying items by tag: Price

Kyrgyzstan: Cement producers exported 574,500t of cement during the first 10 months of 2022, down by 4.7% year-on-year from 10-month 2021 levels. Central Asia News has reported that cement prices fell by 13% to US$42/t. In value, exports fell by 17% to US$24.2m. Neighbouring Uzbekistan was the major recipient of Kyrgyz cement exports.

Malaysia: The Sarawak Economic Development Corporation (SEDC) and Bintulu Development Authority (BDA) are planning to set up a joint-venture tasked with imported cement into Sarawak due to shortages and high prices. The company intends to import 0.5 – 1Mt/yr of cement from Siam Cement Group (SCG) in Thailand, according to the Star newspaper. Representatives of the SEDC and BDA recently visited SCG in Bangkok.

Cement prices in Sarawk are reportedly 15% higher than in mainland Malaysia and 4% higher than neighbouring Sabah. Supply and pricing issues have adversely affected infrastructure projects in the state. Maintenance at CMS Cement’s integrated Mambong plant south of Kuching and delays in delivering raw materials to its grinding plant at Kuching grinding plant caused further disruptions to cement supplies in late 2022.

Vietnam: Vicem recorded full-year sales of US$1.68bn during 2022, up by 17% year-on-year. The producer sold 27.5Mt of cement, down by 6.7% year-on-year. Export sales volumes declined more sharply than those on the domestic market. Vicem responded to the cost impacts of economic disruptions arising from the on-going Russian invasion of Ukraine by raising its cement prices. Nonetheless, its profit fell by 30% year-on-year to US$63.9m.

Vietnam News Summary has reported that Vicem is aiming to achieve sales growth of 4% year-on-year in 2023, to US$1.74bn. Export sales growth prospects are strong, since China resumed its import of foreign goods at the end of December 2022. China consumed 54% of all Vietnamese cement exports in 2021.

Ethiopia: The Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration (MOTRI) says it will regulate cement factory gate prices in its latest attempt to lower the price for end users. It has set the price from 22 December 2022 for six months, according to the Capital Ethiopia newspaper. This latest attempt to stabilise the market follows measures such as setting fixed consumer prices, limiting sales volumes for individuals and asking producers to cut distributors out of the supply chain. However, Teshale Belhu, the state minister for the MOTRI, admitted that recent control measures had made the situation worse and increased the number of illegal traders instead. The government now intends to reduce its interaction in the cement market.

The country has suffered from a cement shortage since 2020 due to low domestic production levels. This has been exacerbated by security issues, a lack of raw materials and a shortage of foreign currency.

Malaysia: The Johor Builders Association, Melaka Builders Association, Penang Builders Association and Perak Contractors Association have published a joint statement addressed to the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living (KPDN). In the statement, they lobbied the KPDN to investigate an allegedly suspect rise in cement prices between November 2020 and December 2022.

The builders' associations said "We also want to extend an appeal to the ministry to conduct a review into whether any party may have violated the Competition Act, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position in the market, during the implementation of these price increases."

Ethiopia: State media outlet EBC has reported on a 'clandestine cement trading network' in Addis Ababa. Cement prices are subject to a nationwide cap of US$112/t until the end of 2022. EBC has reported that illicit cement traders in parts of Addis Ababa were selling cement for US$373/t on 20 December 2022. In the same parts of the city, retailers reportedly said that they were out of stock of cement. Local media has alleged that cement distributors have intentionally created cement shortages.

Vietnam: The Vietnam National Cement Association (VNCA) has spoken about the difficulties that would arise from a proposed power price rise by state-owned Electricity Vietnam (EVN). VNCA chair Nguyen Quang Cung said that cement producers foresee 'business havoc' ensuing from any further cost increase to their operations. The industry says that reduced demand has prevented them from raising cement prices amid already high costs. Coal price growth is a significant contributor, and now accounts for 60% of the industry's operating expenses.

Cung said "Many companies are suffering losses and have suspended the operations of many production lines." He continued "We understand that EVN is claiming force majeure because they face the same challenge relating to the input cost burden."

Derba MIDROC Cement signed a contract with Sinoma International Engineering in recent weeks to build a US$282m upgrade at its integrated Derba cement plant in Oromia. The move is the latest in a steady stream of projects that have been announced in Ethiopia over the last few years. Other recent developments include a deal in July 2022 by businessman Getu Gelete to buy PPC’s stake in Habesha Cement and plans in August 2022 by investor Worku Ayetenew to build a US$1bn cement plant with a production capacity of 12,000t/day. Alongside these capital intensive projects, the government has been trying to regulate the price of cement through measures such as setting fixed prices, limiting the volumes that individuals can buy and asking producers to cut distributors out of the supply chain.

To summarise some of the plant projects over the last couple of years, the Derba MIDROC Cement upgrade project intends to double the production capacity of the integrated Derba cement plant in Oromia to 15,000t/day. The other big ongoing project was announced in early 2021 when East African Holding and China-based West China Cement agreed to build a 10,000t/day plant at Lemi in Amhara Region. East African Holding is the parent company of National Cement, one of the larger producers in the country. Then in July 2021 Sinoma International Engineering’s subsidiary Suzhou Sinoma signed an initial deal with Western International Holdings, West China Cement’s international arm, to build the plant. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed visited the construction site in March 2022 to lay the foundation stone but no commissioning date has been disclosed so far. Based on Sinoma’s assessment when it signed the contract, construction would take around 20 months, so a commissioning date by late 2023 seems reasonable. There are also a number of other projects that have been announced in the local press such as Abay Industrial Development Share Company plant at Dejen. FLSmdith said that the contract to build the 5000t/yr plant became effective in late 2020. However, not much more has been released publicly. Another project at Berenta in Amhara is also reportedly under construction.

The Global Cement Directory 2022 places the country’s production capacity at around 12Mt/yr. This compares to 15Mt/yr from 13 companies as reported by a local news source although this figure is likely to also include grinding plants. Yet the same source also placed the actual working capacity at 6Mt/yr due to old machinery and poor maintenance. As for the market in Ethiopia, Dangote Cement said that the sales from its Mugher plant rose by 1.8% year-on-year to 1.7Mt in the first nine months of 2022 and that the unit was running at full capacity in the third quarter. It reckoned that it held a 42% market share during this period, out of a total market of around 4.2Mt. Previously it said that the total market for the whole year was 7Mt in 2021.

Unfortunately it also mentioned issues with security in the region. This became a live issue this week with news that at least 30 employees of Dangote Cement were reportedly kidnapped in early December 2022 by an armed group that calls itself the Oromo Liberation Army. This is particularly sad for the company given that its country manager was shot dead in 2018. Two employees of the Mugher Cement plant were also taken hostage by the same group in October 2022 although thankfully they were later freed.

A number of projects have been announced in Ethiopia over the last few years but they appear to be taking a while to materialise. This time though a couple of the projects do seem to be on the way and the change in ownership of Habesha Cement seems to suggest a renewed vigour to the local construction market since the government opened up investment. Unfortunately, security concerns are pressing as demonstrated by what happened to some of Dangote Cement’s staff this week.

This week’s Virtual Global CemPower Seminar included an assessment on how interventions in European power markets might affect efforts to decarbonise industry. The presentation by Thekla von Bülow of Aurora Energy Research outlined how different countries in the European Union (EU) were implementing the forthcoming electricity price cap on ‘inframarginal’ producers to 180Euro/MWh. Each of these different proposals will entail differing levels of structural change to the wholesale energy market. For example, the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) has recommended establishing a series of frameworks including a stronger focus on Contracts for Difference (CfD) schemes to promote renewable energy sources.

These changes are a consequence of the EU’s response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Gas prices surged and then pushed up other energy prices in turn to record levels. As this column covered in September 2022, the price of electricity shot up in the summer of 2022 whilst at the same time Russian gas imports ceased. Cembureau, the European Cement Association, called for urgent action to be taken to support cement production due to large increases in the cost of electricity. For example, in its latest overview of the German cement industry, the German Cement Works Association (VDZ) said that the sector has an electrical consumption of 30TWh/yr. Clearly energy policy is of great interest to the industry.

Since then, in late September 2022, Heidelberg Materials’ chief executive officer Dominik von Achten told Reuters that his company was preparing to shift production at its Germany-based plants to times and days when power prices are lower including at the weekend. However, this was dependent on negotiations with the unions. Von Achten also warned of plant closures being a possibility. Then, in November 2022, it emerged that Zementwerk Lübeck’s grinding plant in northern Germany had reportedly been only operating its grinding plant at night and at the weekend due to high electricity prices. Also in November 2022 European energy news provider Energate Messenger reported that Heidelberg Materials was preparing its cement plants in Germany with emergency backup power to keep critical services running in the case of electricity power cuts. One view from the outside came from equipment supplier FLSmidth’s third quarter results where it noted it had, “...started to see the first cases of budget constraints imposed by customers to counter the increasing energy cost. A high utilisation is still driving service activity in Europe, but some customers have put large capital investments on stand-by and we have experienced a slowdown in decision-making processes.” On the other hand it also pointed out that this trend is driving sales of products that helped reduce energy usage and/or switch to alternative fuels.

On the financial side, Holcim reiterated in its half-year report that, on the country, level the group uses a mixture of fixed price contracts, long-term power purchase agreements, on-site power generation projects and increased consumption of renewable energy at competitive prices to reduce the volatility from its energy bills. Both Cemex and Heidelberg Materials said similar things in their third quarter results conference calls. Cemex said that nearly 70% of its electricity requirements in Europe were fixed in 2022 with nearly 30% fixed for 2023. It went on to reveal that around 20% of its total costs for cement production in Europe derived from its electricity bill. Interestingly, it added that a higher proportion of its electricity costs in Germany were fixed than elsewhere in Europe, due to the use of a waste-to-electricity system owned by a third party that is fed with refuse-derived fuel (RDF), but that it was more exposed to floating fuel rates in Spain. Heidelberg Materials added that it supported energy price caps in both Germany and the EU whether they affected it directly or not.

So far it has been a mild start to winter in Europe. This may be about to change with colder weather forecast for December 2022. This will stress test the EU’s energy saving preparations and in turn it could force the plans of industrial users, such as the cement sector, to change. Some of the cement producers have commented on the financial implications of rising fuel costs but they have been quieter publicly about how they might react if domestic consumers are prioritised. Plant shutdowns throughout cold snaps are the obvious concern but it is unclear how likely this is yet. The variety of energy policies between fellow member states, their own supply situations and the differences between cement plants even in the same country suggest considerable variation in what might happen. If large numbers of cement plants do end shutting throughout any colder periods, then one observation is that it will look similar to winter peak shifting (i.e. closure) of plants in China. The more immediate worry in this scenario though is whether these plants actually reopen again.

The proceedings pack from the Virtual Global CemPower Seminar is available to buy now

Pakistan: The Association of Builders and Developers (ABAD) has accused cement producers of cartelisation and called on the government to take 'stern action' following a rise in cement prices. The Business Recorder newspaper has reported that builders believe that the rise does not reflect trends in local raw materials and imported coal prices. Additionally, it comes in spite of a drop in cement demand.