Philippines: Cemex Philippines has committed up to US$57m in 2018 towards the construction a new production line at its Solid Cement plant in Antipolo, Rizal. The project will increase the plant’s production capacity to 3.4Mt/yr from 1.9Mt/yr, according to GMA News. The overall budget for the project is US$225m. Environmental approval for the new line was obtained from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in late 2017. The upgrade is scheduled to be operational by early 2020.

Chile: Cementos Bío Bío plans to start production at its new 0.15Mt/yr grinding plant at Arica in September 2018. The project has an investment of US$15m, according to the Economia y Negocios newspaper. The company wants the unit to reach its production capacity by 2021, with plans to subsequently double it to 0.3Mt/yr. The project is part of a US$150m investment that the cement producer is undertaking in the period to 2022.

Indonesia: Denmark’s FLSmidth is expected to secure a contract with Hongshi Holding Group to supply equipment for a new cement plant at Jember in East Java. Lu Jianlong, a manager at Hongshi's equipment supply department, told Inside International Industrials that the US$40m deal is due to be signed by the end of June 2018.

The project has a total investment of US$315m. Sinoma (Suzhou) Construction, a subsidiary of Sinoma International Engineering, is the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor for the project. Atlas Copco and Kawasaki Heavy Industries will also be providing equipment for the plant. The project will include a 12MW waste heat power generation system.

Germany/China: Siemens has signed 10 agreements with Chinese companies, including China Resources Cement, to support the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Other companies it has struck deals with include China Gezhouba Group Corporation International Engineering, Guangdong Yuedian Group, China National Chemical Engineering Group, China Railway Construction and China Civil Engineering Construction.

"As a long-term and well-established partner of China and its industries, we support the call of the Belt and Road Initiative and take another solid step forward on a larger scale and a wider scope", said Joe Kaeser, President and chief executive officer (CEO) of Siemens, witnessing the signing taking place during the BRI Summit in Beijing. He added that the BRI was a ‘wise and powerful’ for force for accelerating infrastructure development already in participating countries.

Azerbaijan: Holcim Azerbaijan has launched its Spesial 400 Cement product. The general-purpose cement product is intended for mid-strength concrete applications. It follows the launch of the Optimal 300 product in 2017.

Russia: Serebryansky Cement has completed a Euro2.1m upgrade project at its plant in the Ryazan region, according to the Beton Russia news website. The work included completely replacing the refractory lining of the plant’s kiln and modernising the mill’s liner plates.

UK: Hanson UK’s sustainability report for 2017 shows that its CO₂ emissions per tonne of product have fallen by 7.2% to reach the lowest level for five years. However, the subsidiary of Germany’s HeidelbergCement may face issues meeting its target of a 10% reduction by 2020 from its 2010 figures as its CO₂ emissions from production have rise by 5.7% since 2010.

Overall, the company described 2017 as a year of ‘solid’ progress. It passed its 2020 targets for reducing both mains water use and waste to landfill. The number of lost time injuries remained static at 21, but the frequency rate was down on the prior year and there was a three-month unbroken spell without a lost time injury. The building materials producer also launched HeidelbergCement’s Sustainability Commitments 2030, including a set of targets for the group to achieve by 2020.

Brazil/US/Vietnam: FCT Combustion has released details on new burner projects it is involved with. Selected projects include the commissioning of Gyro-Therm burners for Kilns 1 and 2 for use with natural gas, coal, petcoke and solid alternative fuels at Lehigh Cement’s Evansville plant in Pennnsylvania in the US. The supply also included the burner management system, valve trains, fans and other accessories.

The company is also working on an upgrade to the hot gas generator at Votorantim Cimentos’ Vidal Ramos plant in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Also in this country it is supplying Turbu-Jet AF burners with blowers, ignition and flame detection systems to CSN Cimentos’ Arcos plant in Minas Gerais.

Finally, in Vietnam the burner supplier is to provide a Turbu-Jet AF burner firing low calorific value coal with fuel oil to Vinacomin’s Quan Trieu Cement plant.

CRH announced changes to its structure this week. The changes to its divisions follow the rapid growth of the company and may also anticipate the new cement assets it is about to take on-board once its acquisition of Ash Grove Cement completes in the US. Buried in one its regulatory filings covering the news were two graphs of changes in cement demand in the US and Europe through various financial depressions since the 1930s.

Graph 1: Changes in cement demand in US and Europe during financial depressions. Source: CRH with data from US Geological Survey, PCA, United Nations, Morgan Stanley etc.

The graphs serve their purpose for a public company as they show both markets in the current downturn starting to rise again. In other words it looks like the perfect time to invest in a building materials company! However, thinking more broadly the graphs give a timely reminder of how bad the last decade has been for the cement market, particularly in Europe. The period only really compares to the 1930s in decline and duration if the figures are accurate. It must be considered though that while the West has suffered, markets in the East, notably led by China and India, have boomed.

The financial crash in 2008 was precipitated by the US subprime mortgage market. Other potential market killers lie ahead no doubt. One such might be the so-called ‘Carbon Bubble.’ This idea has gained media traction this week with the publication of a paper in the Nature Climate Change journal examining the economic impact of decarbonisation, if or when it happens.

It’s not a new argument but it makes the assertion that as new technologies that replace fossil fuels start to influence the markets, traditional fuel producers like oil companies may face being stuck with ‘stranded’ assets as legislation toughens up and technology mounts. This in turn could cause a financial crash and it’s this aspect that the paper has looked at.

The ace in the hole from the Nature Climate Change paper is that the modelling here suggests a way out of the usual prisoner’s dilemma approach to climate change action. Once sufficiently-low carbon technologies hit a certain level of adoption, then any country holding out and using fossil fuels instead of taking of action may start to suffer economically. Or in other words cheating won’t pay.

The carbon bubble theory is pretty convenient for the climate change lobby as it gives it a financial reason to fight its enemies by targeting investors. One counter argument is realistically how fast and deep would the decarbonisation technologies actually have to be to cause significant financial disruption. Surely the oil producers would get out of risky assets before it was too late. Then again, maybe not.

The cement industry is in exactly the same situation as the oil producers as it too depends on carbon rich assets, in this case limestone, for its business to operate. If limestone assets become ‘stranded’ due to toughened legislation then how can production continue? In addition though, volatility in the fuels and secondary cementitious materials (SCM) markets already being observed from the cement industry may make one wonder about the existence of the carbon bubble. Markets for waste-derived fuels and granulated blast furnace slag are currently changing in the wake of the tightening of Chinese legislation both in and out of the country. In theory this could mean cheaper inputs for cement production but the market is hard to predict. The other classic recent example is how the US natural gas boom from fracking has reduced global oil prices with further effects on the coal and gas that cement producers use. This in turn has placed pressure on various countries that are reliant on their petrodollars and caused pain to their local cement industries, like Saudi Arabia for example. The price of Brent Crude may be rising at the moment but once it hits a certain threshold, the hydraulic fracking of gas wells in the US will resume pumping. Of course both waste inputs and fracking could just be attributable respectively to market distortions by a large country changing policy and a new technology finding its feet.

If the carbon bubble theory carries any weight then CRH’s cement demand graph during recessions may carry a warning to producers about what might happen if decarbonisation leaves the fossil fuel producers behind. With good timing for this theme South Korea’s Ssangyong Cement announced this week that it is close to completing a waste heat recovery (WHR) unit at its Donghae plant, one of the biggest in the world with seven production lines. The interesting detail here is that the WHR unit will work in conjunction with an energy storage system to form a microgrid. This kind of setup is well suited to using energy from renewables as well as from conventional sources like a national electricity grid. In other words, this is exactly the kind of development at a cement plant that might in a small way lessen its reliance on fossil fuels in the face of any potential supply issues.

The 2nd Future Cement Conference and Exhibition looking at how the cement industry can operate in a low- or zero-carbon world will take place in Belgium in May 2019

Kenya: CDC Group has replaced its board members at ARM Cement Ketso Gordhan and Pepe Meijer with Sofia Bianchi and Rohit Anand. The UK government-backed investment company owns a 41% stake in the company. In addition ARM Cement has appointed Konstantin Makarov as its new executive director, replacing Rick Ashley who resigned in May 2018, and John Maonga as its company secretary. Maonga succeeds Ramesh Vora who resigned in April 2018.

Bianchi worked as head of Special Situations at Blue Crest Capital, a European hedge fund, from 2007 to 2016. She brings experience in investment roles from sectors including mining and telecommunications. Bianchi has an MBA from the Wharton School of Business.

Anand holds over 11 years of experience investing in emerging markets across Asia and Africa. He has invested in sectors across infrastructure, telecoms, manufacturing, logistics and healthcare. He is currently responsible for the Industrial Businesses equity investments team covering manufacturing, real estate and logistics across South Asia and Africa. Prior to joining CDC, Anand worked with IDFC Private Equity in Mumbai where he was part of a team managing around US$1.3bn focused on growth capital investments in infrastructure in India. Anand started his career with Ernst & Young’s corporate finance team in India. He is a CFA charter holder, holds an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management and a Bachelors degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the University of Delhi.

Makarov holds over 15 years of experience in the financial markets in general and emerging markets in particular. He is responsible for launch of African practice and oversight of all sub-Saharan African and South East Asian transactions at StratLink Africa. Previously, he was directly responsible for market entry of US and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) based companies into sub-Saharan Africa and has been involved in activity focusing on emerging economies in Africa and South East Asia. He holds a Master of Science in Risk Management from Stern School of Business, New York University and Amsterdam Institute of Finance and a Bachelor of Science in Marketing from University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Maonga, a Certified Public Secretary who is a Member and Fellow of the Institute of Certified Public Secretaries of Kenya, has over 30 years of experience in Company Secretarial and Registration Services.