India: Dalmia Bharat subsidiary Dalmia Cement and other companies are introducing a raft of new safety measures to counteract an increase in coronavirus cases, according to the Economic Times newspaper. The companies’ efforts include creating bio-bubbles for workers, reintroducing working from home where possible, changing shift patterns, conducting rapid testing and, not allowing outsiders into facilities without a negative coronavirus test and organising vaccination stations.

India: JK Lakshmi Cement has launched an advertising campaign called ‘Show Strength.’ The campaign draws attention to the strength of the company’s cements while encouraging Indians to rely on the strength of their own effort and expertise to overcome the negativity holding the country back, according to Exchange4media. The advertising agency involved with the promotion said, “Show Strength captures the brand’s values, leadership stance and social intent. We are hoping to bring in desired results for the company through this campaign.”

Global Cement Weekly celebrates its 500th edition this week. This corresponds to nearly a decade’s worth of news and comment upon the cement industry, since the first edition went out in early June 2011. Time is brief, so the quick version of all of this is as follows: China; production growth; production overcapacity; grinding; corporate mergers; regionalisation; CO₂; digitisation; and coronavirus.

Those looking for the longer version should read Peter Edwards’ review of the 2010s in the December 2019 issue of Global Cement Magazine. Although be warned, few were expecting a global pandemic to rock markets and possibly hasten future trends when that article was written. Those looking for the even longer version should read the last 10 years of the magazine and the website… and then let us know what we missed.

Looking back at the first few editions of Global Cement Weekly brings to mind the LP Hartley quote, “the past is a foreign country; they do things differently there.” It’s all very familiar until one comes across the little things that makes one realise how much has actually changed.

For example, countries were imposing import tariffs on cement, companies were buying each other, national cement associations were lobbying hard for their members and cement plants were investing in alternative fuels equipment. All that stuff has been happening continually over the last decade and right into this week, with Russian media announcing who has won the auction to buy Eurocement and LafargeHolcim closing its deal to buy Firestone Building Products. Yet, Lafarge and Holcim were still separate companies and Italcementi was independent in 2011. On the sustainability side, Norcem and its parent company HeidelbergCement Group, with the European Cement Research Academy (ECRA), had just started a partnership agreement with Aker Clean Carbon (ACC) to study post-combustion CO₂ capture technology at Norcem’s plant in Brevik, Norway. Jump forward nine years and Norcem signed a deal with Aker Solutions in mid-2020 to order a full scale CO₂ capture, liquification and intermediate storage plant at Brevik.

The big numbers from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) show that global cement production grew by 24% to 4.1Bnt in 2020 from 3.3Bnt in 2010. However, the big growth had stopped by around 2013 and production has hovered between 4.0Bnt/yr and 4.2Bnt/yr ever since. Alongside this, Getting the Number Right (GNR) data indicates that net CO₂ emissions for cementitous products fell by 4% to 610kg/t in 2018 from 636kg/t in 2010. The former may show a levelling off of production as the Chinese market stabilised in the 2010s but the latter shows the progress that has been made in reducing cement-related CO₂ emissions and the scale of the challenge that remains ahead.

Graph 1: Embodied energy versus embodied CO₂ of building materials. Source: Hammond & Jones, University of Bath, UK.

Cement industry readers should not lose heart about the future of the industry though, while environmental pressure continues to mount. Graph 1 above shows the embodied CO₂ and energy of common building materials. Cement has been rightly identified as a major emitter of CO₂ but any society that desires to build strong structures cheaply and at scale requires concrete to do so whilst the data above remains unchallenged. The ratios may change, such as the perennial energy-cost influenced tug-of-war between asphalt and concrete roads, but concrete remains the only game in town. For now. At which point cement production becomes all about reducing the CO₂ emissions or capturing them, and determining who exactly pays for this. This then brings us to the present with the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme carbon price of over Euro40/t and other schemes popping up all around the planet. One echo from one of the early editions of Global Cement Weekly was the furore over Australia’s attempt at a carbon tax in the early 2010s. It was repealed in 2014.

One prediction about how the 2020s might be summarised for the cement industry is this: how to get away with pumping out all that CO₂? Let’s see what the next decade will bring.

Morocco: LafargeHolcim Morocco has appointed Saâd Dalil as its cement sales and marketing director. He succeeds Boubker Bouchentouf, who is retiring after over 25 years with the group.

Dalil, aged 45 years, has worked for LafargeHolcim Morocco for over 14 years, most recently as its director of concrete. He originally trained in agricultural economics and holds an executive master of business administration (MBA) from the École des Ponts Business School.

Morocco: LafargeHolcim Morocco plans to open its new 1.6Mt/yr plant in Souss-Massa region in July 2021. The project has a budget of around US$330m. The unit is located 45km southwest of Agadir. As part of the group’s ‘plant of tomorrow’ concept it is intended to use automation technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence and predictive maintenance to improve its production efficiency. The plant is also planning to use wind power and alternative fuels. The company has also built new roads to support the plant as well as installations to establish a local drinking water network for neighbouring villages.

Pakistan: Maple Leaf Cement has commenced operations at clinker line 3 of its Iskanerabad cement plant following a modification to increase capacity. The Dawn newspaper has reported that the plant now has a capacity of 18,500t/day of grey clinker, up by 3% from 18,000t/day previously.

Nepal: Cement producers are unable to fully exploit increased demand following the coronavirus outbreak’s decline due to problems accessing reliable electricity. The Kathmandu Post newspaper has reported that outages and reduced power have stopped production for some companies and led to increased costs. Brij Cement has reportedly resorted to diesel generators, increasing cement’s production costs by US$0.26/bag.

Brij Cement’s general manager Ravi Kumar said, "It is difficult to run a factory without regular electricity supply. And even if there is power supply, it keeps fluctuating, causing problems."

Germany: Opterra has started a public consultation process about expanding the limestone quarry for its integrated Wössingen cement plant near Walzbachtal in Baden Württemberg. The move follows the plant’s quarry at Lugenberg reaching its approved perimeter to the east. The subsidiary of Ireland-based CRH plans to find a location for a new quarry to open from around 2030. The company also wants to conduct exploratory drilling in the region for additional limestone deposits.

Japan: Sumitomo Osaka Cement plans to set up a ‘Sustainability Promotion Office’ in April 2021 as part of the company’s efforts towards carbon neutrality by 2050. It follows the company’s medium and long-term sustainability targets that were set in December 2020.

Kenya: Bamburi Cement, Savannah Cement, Ndovu Cement and Rai Cement have written to the National Treasury opposing a proposal by the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) to raise tariffs on clinker imports to 25% from 10% at present or to implement at outright ban on imports. The cement producers say that increasing the tariffs would lead to unfair competition and destroy investments, according to the Kenyan Star newspaper. However, the KAA argues that the move will promote the manufacturing sector and create jobs.

Seddiq Hassani, the managing director of Bamburi Cement, said in a letter from the cement producers to the government, that they opposed the review at the current time but that they conceded that it was the right direction for the industry in the longer term to safeguard local manufacturing. He added that the four companies should be given a window of between four and five years to set up their own integrated plants to provide a predictable policy framework for investors.