UK: The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has said that Breedon Group’s acquisition of a minority of Cemex UK’s ready-mix and aggregates operations “may lead to a substantial lessening of competition in the supply of ready-mixed concrete, non-specialist aggregates or asphalt in 15 local markets across the UK” in a letter to the group. The Herald newspaper has reported that the potentially affected markets are in localities where Breedon Group is already dominant, such as eastern Scotland and the East Midlands.

CMA senior director Colin Rafferty said, “As consumers source the majority of these materials locally, it’s vital to ensure that enough competition will remain at the local level so there’s enough choice and prices remain fair.” If it fails to respond to the CMA’s concerns by 2 September 2020, Breedon Group will face an in-depth Phase 2 investigation into the deal.

Malaysia: Cahya Mata Sarawak recorded a profit of US$8.72m in the first half of 2020, down by 63% year-on-year from US$23.4m in the first half of 2019. Total sales declined by 40% to US$117m from US$196m. Cement sales also declined, by 31% to US$46.8m from US$68.1m. The company attributed this to the impacts of the coronavirus lockdown.

Pakistan: Leading cement producers have said that prices will rise by 10% before 2021 if a reduction in Federal Excise Duty (FED) to US$5.95/t of cement from US$11.9/t does not materialise. DG Khan Cement owner Nishat Group chair Mian Mansha said, “Failing this, producers will take a US$119m total hit on revenues,” according to the Express Tribune newspaper.

Back on 11 March 2020, this column drew attention to the seemingly intractable overcapacity situation in Vietnam. On that day, incidentally the day that the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the Covid-19 outbreak to be a full-blown pandemic, Vietnam held firm on its previous estimate that it would produce 103Mt of cement in 2020. 70Mt would be consumed domestically, with 33Mt exported. At the time much of the world was heading down the coronavirus rabbit hole and we were incredulous. South East Asia was worst affected by lockdowns at that point and demand was poor. It was clear that the country would struggle to find buyers, even with its famously reasonable prices.

Fast forward five months and figures from last week show that Vietnam’s cement producers actually exported an incredible 19.5Mt in the first seven months of 2020. The volume was 11% higher than the 17.6Mt exported in the corresponding period of 2019. However, prices suffered, with the value of exports falling by 5.4% to US$732m. That works out at US$37.54/t in 2020 against US$43.98/t in 2019 - a drop of US$6.44/t. Now, just as in March, the Ministry of Construction has maintained again that Vietnam will export 32-33Mt of cement and clinker in 2020. The volumes seem impressive, but it’s ‘sales for show, profit for dough.’ How much longer can the country continue to pour such vast amounts of cement into the global market at these low prices?

Well it seems the answer is ‘not any more.’ Following an announcement in May 2020 that no new cement plant projects would go ahead in 2020 after all, there is now a new cement industry development strategy to help move the sector forward. Under the plans, all plants with a capacity under 0.9Mt/yr will be forced to improve their productivity, product quality, energy efficiency and, crucially, environmental performance, by 2025. While the government says it will help to facilitate the changes, we can be reasonably sure that it wants to reduce its domestic capacity to a fairly meaningful extent. The Global Cement Directory shows that Vietnam has at least 28 plants of less than 0.9Mt/yr capacity, jointly contributing around 16.6Mt/yr. While we should be clear that the government is not calling for the wholesale elimination of capacity, removing these plants would leave the country with around 86Mt/yr of cement production and halve exports to around 16.4Mt/yr, assuming 70Mt/yr of domestic consumption. On the surface the government says it will help plants ‘facilitate’ the changes, but it remains to be seen whether its many older, less efficient plants will actually be able to jump through the hoops the authorities put in their way. Of course, one need look no further than neighbouring China to see how effective such directives from the top of government can be.

For its part the Vietnamese government is clear: Plants that don’t pick up the pace will be closed. It says that the strategy aims to “Develop the cement industry to an advanced and modern level, to produce cement of international standard quality with economical and efficient use of energy, giving high competitiveness in the international market, while meeting the needs of the domestic market, completely eliminating out-dated, natural resource-consuming and polluting technology.” The government stops just short of mentioning profitability, but it is clear that this would be another nice effect of reduced capacity in an economy where the state is effectively selling the cement by itself. China again shows what should happen next. Following major profitability improvements in 2017, 2018 and 2019, China’s producers continue to go from strength-to-strength in 2020, even taking coronavirus closures into account. This week Anhui Conch reported a 5.3% increase in its first half net profit (to a tidy US$2.33bn), with China Resources Cement chiming in with an 11% rise to US$541m. While it is unclear from outside of China just how much capacity has been terminated, the changes are having the desired effect.

So, after looking for perhaps slightly too long at dwindling returns, Vietnam’s government appears to be serious about overcapacity. Its (larger) cement producers look set to gain from supply-side reforms in the same way that many in China have. The industry will shrink over the next few years and, while closures and job losses will be unpopular, the country, its economy and its environment will benefit from this policy in the long run.

China: Color Star Technology, owner of Beijing Xin Ao Concrete Group and Beijing Ao Hang Construction Materials Technology, has announced the Appointment of Hung-Jen Kuo to its board of directors. Kuo will chair the nominating and corporate governance committee and sit on the audit committee and the compensation committee. He is executive president of Fosun Capital and was previously security services director and head of Deutsche Bank China and managing director of Gopher Asset Management.

CEO Biao Lu said, “Mr Kuo is a great addition to our Board of Directors, and his expertise and reputation as an executive and experience in corporate finance can improve our efforts to represent Color Star's stakeholders. He has established a track record of driving great values, and his scope of experience can support his work alongside his fellow directors and the company's leadership.”

India: JSW Group has announced the combination of the distribution and supply chain of its cement and steel businesses under an integrated JSW One initiative to make it easier for customers to source its products. JSW One has commenced operations in eastern India and will be scaled-up across the country over the next couple of years.

“JSW One will derive synergies to benefit both the steel and cement businesses by streamlining and maximising the depth and expanse of JSW Group’s sales and supply chain network,” said the group in a statement. “It will also combine the group’s expertise across product portfolio to provide comprehensive service capability to its customers.”

India: Shiva Cement has reported a standalone net loss of US$365m for the first quarter of the current fiscal year (1 April 2020 – 30 June 2020). However, the loss was 33% lower than the US$556m that it lost in the corresponding quarter of the 2019-2020 fiscal year. Shiva’s net revenue also declined substantially, by 22.6%, to US$1.11bn during the quarter, compared to US$1.43bn a year earlier. The company’s operating profit slipped to a loss of US$273m, as against a profit of just US$12,000 a year ago.

China: West China Cement has announced that its profit attributable to owners of the company was US$108.8m in the six months to 30 June 2020, a year-on-year decrease of 5.2%. The improvement in profit came despite a 9.1% fall in revenue to US$440m. This trend follows a number of other Chinese producers that have seen markedly increased profitability in 2020 on the back of the Chinese government’s supply side reforms.

North Korea: The state-run KCNA news agency has announced that cement, iron and steel and timber production units throughout North Korea are ‘pushing forward’ with production to supply building materials to flood-ravaged areas, including in Unpha County (North Hwanghae Province) and Ichone County (Kangwon Province). It stated that the Sunchon Cement plant had provided 10,000t of cement to reconstruction sites in ‘a short span of time.’

Namibia: Ohorongo Cement, despite not having any coronavirus cases itself, has seen a steep decline in demand for cement due to the economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. In an interview with local press, Frankleen Alberts, Manager of Customer Relations and Public Affairs at Namibia’s only integrated cement plant, said that, while domestic sales had suffered from a slowdown in public works and lower private construction levels, the closure of Namibia’s borders had all but eliminated opportunities for exports. It had also hampered the company’s supply chains.

Alberts said, “Cement sales have been affected since the outbreak of the virus. We were able to continue supplying our Namibian market without major interruptions while adhering to the regulations under the state of emergency. However, due to the restrictions and quarantine rules by neighbouring countries, our export market suffered adversely.” She added, “Due to the restrictions on travel and flights, the supply chain is affected and this includes inbound and outbound logistics, in terms of export sales.”

Alberts said that day-to-day operations at the company have not been affected by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as the company had introduced regulations as published by government and as required by the ministry of mines and energy to ensure the safety of employees while continuing with operations. None of the company’s employees was furloughed or laid off.