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It has been another week of financial results from the global cement industry, with big hitters Lafarge and Holcim reporting what some might call 'concerning' numbers for the first half of the year. Both cement producers are, of course, making preparations ahead of their proposed merger, which could come to pass within 12 months, all being well. But are things well?

In the first half of 2014, Lafarge saw its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) decrease by 2%, with sales down by 5%. Lafarge noted that its shrinking size, this week highlighted by the sale of its Pakistani assets, and adverse exchange rate effects did not help matters. CEO Bruno Lafont was up-beat in asserting that North American and European markets would see improvements over the rest of 2014. Meanwhile, things are slightly better at Holcim, which reported an increased EBITDA (albeit just by 0.2%) as well as like-for-like sales that were up by 4.8% compared to the first half of 2013. However, its increased sales volumes and revenues could not prevent a fall in net income.

If one takes these results together, the first half of 2014 seems to been one of general stagnation for the future LafargeHolcim. It is important to remember that even more asset sales are inevitable, mainly from the weaker performer Lafarge. We are left to ponder how the new LafargeHolcim will perform in 12 months time.

At present, without serious improvement across all world economies, it is likely that LafargeHolcim (and other multinational producers) will continue to be on relatively shaky ground post-merger. The reality is that many of the promising markets that the company will serve are no longer rapidly-growing emerging economies, but are instead caught up in lower-than-expected growth (for example in Indonesia, India, China and Brazil), political disputes (for example in Algeria, Thailand, Eastern Ukraine and the Middle East) and other damaging events (for example the Ebola outbreak in West Africa). The global economy is certainly 'uneven,' as Holcim's CEO Bernard Fontana said in Holcim's results statement, but it also seems to be getting more uneven. Simple geographical and income groupings for countries, for example 'Far East = Profit,' are becoming increasingly out of date.

Navigating such a rapidly-changing world is, in one sense, less difficult for larger companies than smaller ones because risk can be spread over a much wider range of economies. However, larger companies are also slower to react to changes and the appropriateness of their responses may not be ideally tailored to individual markets. When LafargeHolcim comes to be, it will likely suffer also due to the inherent difficulties of merging two such large firms that may not see eye-to-eye on all issues. This will have to be done without some of its best assets and a lot of its 'run-time' will be dedicated to the merging process. In such an environment it is easier to be distracted from its main tasks: is it possible that this effect is already becoming apparent? As Lafarge and Holcim's latest results show, there is little room for deterioration in their results.

There is a key question: Is the LafargeHolcim first half EBITDA slide a sign of poor markets or related to preparations for the merger that shareholders will tolerate as they anticipate future riches? Will LafargeHolcim be profitable in the long-run?

India: JK Cement has appointed Sushila Devi Singhania as an additional director with effect from 26 July 2014.

Kenya: National Cement Company has received a US$70.2m loan from the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The loan will be used to fund its cement production expansion programme. With the help of the loan, National Cement Company can bolster cement production five-fold to 1.7Mt/yr by 2016 at a cost of US$200m. National Cement Company's CEO Narendra Raval stated that the company aims to close the Kenya's 6Mt/yr cement production gap to stabilise cement prices.

Raval stated that the company's five-fold increase in cement production would see a significant reduction in cement prices in Kenya, where increasing prices have been driving up the cost of construction. However, the entrance of new cement companies in the local market has seen an increase in competition and a gradual reduction in the volume of imported cement.

China: China's building materials sector remained sluggish as the property market showed no signs of warming, according to the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Cement output rose by 3.6% year-on-year to 1.14Bnt in the first half of 2014, slowing by 6.1% points from the expansion seen during the same period of 2013. The data pointed to the continuing weakness in the property market. The average home price in 70 Chinese cities fell by 0.47% during June 2014, the second consecutive monthly drop after a 0.15% fall in May 2014.

Philippines: The Cement Manufacturers Association of the Philippines' (CeMAP) president, Ernesto Ordonez, said that total cement sales for the first half of 2014 reached 10.72Mt, up from 10.14Mt for the first six months of 2013. For the second quarter of 2014 alone, cement sales climbed by 3.2% to 5.52Mt from 5.35Mt in the comparable period of 2013. Compared to the first quarter's 5.19Mt, cement sales in the second quarter of 2014 grew by 6.19%. The increase in sales was seen amid higher demand from both the public and private sectors.

Ordonez said that there was a Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) budget increase, while the private sector continued to grow because of increased confidence in the government. The latest data from the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) showed that government spending for infrastructure and capital outlay posted a 24.5% increase to US$2.16bn as of April 2014, compared to US$1.74bn in 2013. The notable infrastructure disbursements were channelled mostly to on-going reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts in communities devastated by Super Typhoon Yolanda. The DBM said that the increase in disbursements is also due to the Aquino administration's stronger focus on strengthening the economy through infrastructure and capital outlay investments.

India: Chettinad Cement Corporation has raised its stake in Anjani Portland Cement to 66.08% by acquiring a 17.08% stake through an open offer. The offer was triggered by Chettinad Cement entering into a share purchase agreement in March 2014 to acquire up to 61.74% holding from the promoters of Anjani Portland for US$11.7m.

According to Chettinad Cement, the agreement has built-in flexibility to ensure that its holding is limited to 75%, the maximum allowed for a firm to remain listed. As the open offer attracted a good response, Chettinad Cement had limited its share purchase from the promoters to 49%. Chettinad Cement has to pay US$4.92m to buy shares from the promoters and an additional US$3.23m to fund the open offer. The acquisition will help Chettinad Cement, which has a presence predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, to enter Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

USA/Canada: US Senator Sherrod Brown has urged the Obama Administration to protect the cement industry in Paulding County, Ohio and the thousands of local jobs that it supports.

In a letter to United States Trade Representative (USTR) Michael Froman, Brown called for the administration to crack down on Canada's attempt to 'illegally' subsidise the McInnis Cement plant in Quebec, which would specifically target the US market, hurting the ability of local manufacturers to compete. US cement companies would be affected, he claims, including Lafarge North America, which has a plant in Paulding County.

"Paulding County workers can compete with anyone when given a level playing field," said Brown. "But if countries like Canada illegally subsidise their industries and target the US market, it gives their products an unfair advantage. I urge the administration to investigate the nearly US$500m subsidy package proposed for the Quebec plant, which will directly compete with Lafarge North America's facility in Paulding. Actions must be taken in order to protect Paulding jobs and the economy of north-west Ohio."

The Canadian federal government and Quebec are seeking to offer almost US$500m to McInnis Cement to help its start-up in Port-Daniel-Gascons, Quebec. It is claimed that the size and nature of these subsidies could violate Canada's World Trade Organisation (WTO) obligations and give its cement industry an unfair advantage in the US market.

"Lafarge North America appreciates the inquiry to the United States Trade Representative to address a serious threat to US cement producers and their workers," said John Stull, president and CEO of Lafarge North America. "Given the excess cement capacity in Quebec, the McInnis Cement plant makes no economic sense. Lafarge believes that the plant would not be built without enormous support from the federal and provincial government. Lafarge joins Senator Brown in urging the US government to engage with the Canadian government regarding the provision of subsidies that appear to be prohibited by WTO rules and threaten material harm to the US cement industry."

Uzbekistan: The Tashkent Regional Economic Court in Uzbekistan has seized the assets and bank accounts of JSC Akhangarancement, a subsidiary of Russia's Eurocement Group, according to an Akhangarancement statement. The move follows the granting of a suit brought by the Uzbekistani State Competition Committee on 21 July 2014 regarding the privatisation of the cement producer in 1994, which it is investigating.

Money in bank accounts equivalent to US$177.8m and fixed assets amounting to US$19.1m were seized. An Akhangarancement source said that, despite the seizure of the accounts, the plant continues to work as usual and produce cement.

Eurocement Group claims that the State Competition Committee's claims are contrived and it plans to appeal the decision of the regional court at a higher court. Eurocement has 30 days to file an appeal. If the court upholds the first ruling, this will essentially mean the nationalisation of the asset.

Eurocement became a shareholder in Akhangarancement eight years after it was privatised, buying 75.5% of its shares on the secondary market in August 2006. Currently, Eurocement Group's stake in the enterprise is 83.9186% or 4,136,269 shares, of which Switzerland's Eurocement Holding AG is the direct owner. The rest of the shareholders are private individuals.

India: Prism Cement has reported a net profit of US$2.2m for the second quarter of 2014, which it attributes to higher sales and margins. The performance represents a turn-around from the US$7.96m net loss that Prism suffered in the same quarter of 2013. Total income rose to US$230.9m, mainly due to higher revenue from cement and clinker, of which it sold 1.54Mt during the quarter.

Zimbabwe: PPC Zimbabwe has secured US$18m for the construction of a new cement plant in Harare Province. The company said that construction of the new plant is currently its main priority.

"Preliminary work at the site is underway and fully-fledged construction is scheduled for August 2014," said PPC's managing director, Njombo Lekula. A road access network to the plant has already been completed and a temporary office is already set up at the site. Public hearings for the Environment Impact Assessment have been concluded, providing the green light for the project to commence.

PPC, which has 1.2Mt/yr of cement production capacity, intends to double its capacity by building a clinker plant in Mount Darwin District in Zimbabwe, as well as cement grinding plants in Harare Province, Zimbabwe and Tete Province, Mozambique. Lekula said that PPC is also looking at investing more in new technology to increase production capacity. According to Lekula, a feasibility study for the construction of a clinker plant and a cement grinding plant in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe is almost complete.

"We are conducting a feasibility study for the clinker plant in Mashonaland Central, but the plant in Harare is our main priority at the moment," said Lekula. He added that the construction of another clinker plant in Mashonaland Central would go in tandem with the limestone geological studies currently being carried out.

PPC, however, is worried by the performance of its export business. "Currently our plants in Zimbabwe are running at about 70% capacity utilisation and for us to get to decent levels of capacity utilisation, we have to find other markets," said Lekula. "We export to Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique and we continuously look for opportunities in the region." PPC's export business contributes about 20% to its total turnover, but the figure fluctuates. "Our export market margins are impacted by logistics. Sometimes the exports are not very stable hence the need to look at both the local and export markets to ensure sustainability," he added.