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News GCW421

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The effects of CO2 regulation on cement production

04 September 2019

Escenario global del Cemento a 2019 y los principales desafíos estratégicos que enfrentara la Industria del cemento en los próximos anos, Yassine Touahri, On Field Investment Research

Forgive the poor image quality but our magazine editor Peter Edwards spotted this provocative graphic (above) at the Federación Interamericana del Cemento (FICEM) technical congress that is taking place in the Dominican Republic this week. It came from a presentation given by Yassine Touahri from On Field Investment Research. The reason this slide raises eyebrows is because it seems to inversely link CO2 emission regulations with cement grinding capacity growth.

One would expect integrated or clinker production capacity addition to decline in the face of various carbon taxes because the majority of emissions in cement production are process emissions. Yet this graphic suggests that it goes further by affecting the supply of clinker in these regions. If correct then it supports the argument that introducing carbon taxes forces related capacity investment to go elsewhere. In other words, if governments try to control industrial CO2 emissions, then the market will follow the path of least resistance. The world has a clinker production capacity surplus and the countries with no CO2 regulations are scooping it up.

The counter argument is that capacity growth and CO2 legislation is unrelated. The regions with flat or falling grinding capacity additions are the places were this trend is occurring anyway for other reasons. These areas have built their houses and infrastructure and so one would expect no or low capacity growth. In this environment it is easier to introduce CO2 laws because, rightly or wrongly, it is perceived to be less important to the overall economy. Meanwhile, outside of these zones national economies are growing: they want to build things and new grinding plants to take advantage of a global glut of clinker are helping them to do this.

Other issues with this graphic are the widely different reasons for low cement grinding capacity growth in the areas with CO2 legislation. Europe, for example, has endured the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) for over a decade and it has seen growth in the slag-cement grinding model in some countries in recent years. General trends have also seen a considerable drop in production capacity in Southern Mediterranean countries as their export markets decline. China is actively trying to manage a reduction in production capacity following a period of unparalleled growth. CO2 legislation is one potential means to do this.

The next step here would be to model the effect of a carbon tax on a developing market, which is genuinely growing its cement consumption, compared to a more mature one. This might help to answer whether economic development can be untangled from carbon emissions. CO2 regulations are undoubtedly distorting cement markets though. Touahri is right when he says that, “CO2 management will be the key challenge for the cement industry in the 21st century.” Once it is given a value then it changes the nature of the business.

There will be a full review of the FICEM technical congress 2019 in a future issue of Global Cement Magazine

Published in Analysis
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Najran Cement appoints new chairman

04 September 2019

Saudi Arabia: Najran Cement has appointed Mohammed Bin Manaa Bin Sultan Aballa as its new chairman. He will be supported by Salah Bin Yassin Bin Khalil Allaf as the deputy chairman. Abdul Salam Bin Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Alduraibi has also been appointed as a managing director at the cement producer.

Published in People
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Philippines finalises three-year cement tariff

04 September 2019

Philippines: The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has introduced a customs duty on imported cement of US$4.81/t. The Manila Times reports that the measure is subject to annual review and will be in place for three years, decreasing by US$0.48/yr.

The government previously imposed a provisional tariff of US$4.02/t, in spite of protests from Vietnam that any executive action would be in contravention of World Trade Organisation rules. Philippine law allows for the imposition of such measures where an appointed advisory body has determined that increased imports ‘threaten to substantially cause injury to the domestic industry.’

The advisory body in question is the Tariff Commission, who in August 2019 recommended a tariff of US$5.68/t. Secretary of Trade and Industry Ramón López stated that the figure aims to address the threat with minimal impact on buyers. Cement prices in the country hit a low in early January 2019 of US$98.6/t, rising to US$108.25/t after the imposition of the provisional tariff.

Vietnamese producers will be the hardest hit by the price hike, with 75% of the Philippines’ imported cement originating in Vietnam. Asian Review reports that a further 18% comes from neighbouring China and 8% from Thailand.

Published in Global Cement News
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Raysut Cement announces US$30m grinding plant plans

04 September 2019

Oman: Raysut Cement is planning the construction of a 1Mt/yr grinding plant in the port town of Duqm. The project has a cost of US$30m, with work set to begin on 19 September 2019. Oman Cement has been building a 1.8Mt/yr integrated cement production plant at Duqm since December 2018. The new grinding plant is Raysut Cement’s first development project since it received US$50.7m in funding from the Omani Bank Nizwa.

Published in Global Cement News
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Loma Negra converts San Juan plant to grinding

04 September 2019

Argentina: Loma Negra has converted its 0.2Mt/yr San Juan integrated cement plant to grinding and bagging only. 14 people have resultantly lost their jobs, five of whom have accepted relocation to the company’s Catamarca plant. Catamarca is the largest of Loma Negra’s seven production facilities in Argentina, with a cement production capacity of 1.8Mt/yr.

Published in Global Cement News
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Rai Group fighting sale of ARM Cement

04 September 2019

Kenya: Rai Group must pay a guarantee of US$62.6m to forestall the sale of Athi River Mining (ARM) Cement. The Kenyan financial services company, owned by Jaswant Rai, is backing a claim by Pradeep Paunrana against PricewaterhouseCoopers over its administration of the sale of the publically-owned ARM Cement. Paunrana, erstwhile majority shareholder and managing director of ARM Cement, is contesting the cement company’s sale in May 2019 to Nairobi Cement, a subsidiary of Devki Group, for US$48.2m including a deposit of US$9.62m. Paunrana argues that the sale was unfair because ARM Cement was misvalued, having missed opportunities to sell its fertiliser and mineral production businesses due to pressures from potential buyers. Business Daily has reported that Paunrana previously submitted an unsuccessful bid in consortium with Rai Group to buy back the company for US$62.6m, also May 2019.

Published in Global Cement News
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LafargeHolcim lobbies Madagascan government on imports

04 September 2019

Madagascar: LafargeHolcim has lobbied for cement homologisation norms to targeting importers. Chief Executive Officer François de Lesquen said that the company does not fear competition but wants a level playing field.

LafargeHolcim owns 90% and 66% respectively of Madagascar’s Ibity and Mahajanga cement plants, representing the entirety of domestic cement production. Holcim Madagascar yesterday launched its Orimbato 42.5 cement for heavy load-bearing concretes.

Published in Global Cement News
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Conifers indicate cement plant’s carbon footprint

04 September 2019

China: Research conducted by the North-West Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources has ascertained detailed data on carbon dioxide (CO2) and mercury (Hg) output at a cement plant in Lanzhou using local spruces.

VerticalNews has reported of distance-dependent variations of Hg concentration in needles close to the cement plant, with the highest concentrations observed in needle samples from the site nearest to the plant. Hg in tree rings increased gradually for all sites by year, reaching a concentration of 65.8ng/g in the last growing period at 0m from the plant.

The study fuels hopes of accurate quantification of historical accumulation of air pollutants, including heavy metals, as well as contributing to our understanding of biochemical Hg cycling in forest ecosystems.

Published in Global Cement News
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Attock Cement commences operation of Iraqi grinding plant

03 September 2019

Iraq: Pakistan’s Attock Cement has begun commercial operation of its Basra grinding plant. The 0.9Mt/yr unit was commissioned in April 2019.

Published in Global Cement News
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Caribbean Cement exports clinker to Haiti

03 September 2019

Haiti: Jamaica’s Caribbean Cement has begun exporting clinker to Haiti. The Jamaica Observer reports that the first shipment of 7500t of clinker was of surplus material from the company’s 1.3Mt/yr Rockfort Plant. The plant has received US$162m in capital expenditure since 30 June 2015.

Published in Global Cement News
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