Displaying items by tag: Venezuela

Venezuela: The Cement Workers Federation (Fetracemento) says that workers in the Venezuelan cement industry are subject to ‘constant persecution and intimidation.’ Fetracemento president Orlando Chirinos said that workers face arbitrary suspensions and that the industry even relies on forced labour. Chirinos said that labour inspectorates do not pursue claims by workers due to political pressures.

Local press has reported that protests by workers in January 2023 contributed to a drop in cement capacity utilisation in Venezuela to 10%.

Fuels procurement and costs have been weighing on the minds of Indian cement producers since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Two news stories this week show some of this. The first concerns recent imports of petcoke from Venezuela. The second covers the closure of captive power plants due to domestic shortages of coal.

At the same time, as the financial results for cement companies for the first quarter of the Indian 2023 financial year have been released, one constant has been hefty hikes in power and fuel costs. Graph 1 below gives a rough idea of the jump in costs major producers have been contending with. One point to note is that, possibly, the larger cement companies may have been better at slowing down the cost inflation from fuel. However, the prevalence of waste heat recovery installations and alternative fuels usage may also be a factor here. Finally, the company approved to buy Ambuja Cement and ACC, Adani Group, also runs India’s biggest coal trader. It will be interesting to see in the medium term how this might affect the fuel costs for its new cement division.

Graph 1: Comparison of Power & Fuel costs for selected Indian cement producers in first quarter of 2022 and 2023 financial years. Source: Company financial reports.

The Venezuelan story demonstrates the greater lengths that Indian cement producers are now going to secure fuel supplies. Reuters reports that cement companies imported at least 160,000t of petcoke from the South American country between April and June 2022 and that more was on the way. JSW Cement, Ramco Cements and Orient Cement are among them. The Venezuelan oil industry has been under US economic sanctions since 2019 but byproducts such as petcoke are not covered by this. Its petcoke has apparently been discounted by 5 - 10% below the price of US alternatives.

Indian cement producers have been prepared to risk US sanctions further by importing coal from Russia. The Business Standard newspaper, using data from Coalmint, reported that Russia became India’s third largest source of coal imports, at 2.06Mt, in July 2022. Before the war it was the sixth-largest source of coal to the country. Again, Reuters covered how cement companies were doing this in July 2022, when it revealed that UltraTech Cement had used India-based HDFC Bank to purchase coal using Chinese Renminbi, not the US Dollar as is more common for international purchases of commodities. In a conference call for the release of its first quarter results, UltraTech Cement’s chief financial officer Atul Daga confirmed the purchase and described it as “opportunistic.” He added that, “If something more surfaces, we will pick it up.” As the data for July 2022 shows, it may or may not be UltraTech Cement that is buying Russian coal right now but other parties in India certainly are.

Some of the wider economic implications about India buying Russian coal in the face of US and European sanctions include whether any retaliation might be forthcoming and a general sign that the dominance of the US Dollar as the world’s reserve currency is not guaranteed. The former seems doubtful given the size of India’s markets. Yet if the sanctions against Russia drag on then a shift in the global economic status quo becomes more likely, especially if opportunistic purchases become regular ones.

The situation facing captive power plants illustrates one more turn of the screw on energy costs for industrial manufacturers. 30% of captive power plants in India are reportedly closed due to the high cost of coal or an inability to even import it. Although it is worth noting that it is unclear whether, proportionally, more or less of these are serving cement plants. As N Srinivasan, the vice-chairman and managing director of India Cements told the Business Standard newspaper, “Most of our plants have coal based captive power generation. The cost of captive generation is now more than the grid cost. Hence, we shut down all captive power units and resorted to grid power.”

The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast in July 2022 that Indian coal demand would grow by 3% year-on-year to 1.16Bnt in 2023 due to expanded electrification and economic growth. In its view, global coal demand will be driven principally by China but also by India to a lesser extent. However, unhelpfully, it added that uncertainty was also rising with ongoing developments in the war in Ukraine having a prominent effect. This is unlikely to assist Indian cement producers and their fuel buyers who will be asking themselves: how long will the current situation last and can the prices be passed on to consumers? There is one small silver lining in the current group of economic storm clouds hanging over cement producers at least. The second quarter of the Indian financial year is monsoon season, when economic activity slows down. It won’t slow the trend down but it may reduce the fuel bill a little.

India: Indian cement producers imported four shipments with a total of 160,000t of petcoke from Venezuela during the first quarter of the 2023 financial year. Reuters News has reported that a fifth shipment of 50,000t of petcoke is due to arrive in Mangaluru, Karnataka, in mid-August. A further, 30,000t, delivery is also scheduled for shipment from Venezuela during the month. Shipping takes around 50 days.

Ramco Cements enjoyed a US$15 – 20/t discount on its two 50,000t shipments of Venezuelan petcoke in June and July 2022, for which it paid US$10.7m and US$11.1m respectively. Its chief financial officer Sivaraman Vaithiyanathan said
"The quality of petcoke is very good and it has very low sulphur."

Venezuela: Corporacion Socialista del Cemento plans to begin to export cement to countries in the Caribbean from the beginning of 2022. The El Universal newspaper has reported that the company’s plant is in the process of increasing its production of cement and clinker for the start of exports. In the first 10 months of 2021, it more than doubled its production and more than tripled its sales volumes.

President Pietro Acosta said "We are contributing to the growth of a new free, non-oil, diversified economy.” He added “We will still continue to serve the national market."

Venezuela: Venezuelan Chamber of Construction (CVC) president Mauricio Brin has estimated a capacity utilisation of 12.5% - corresponding to a production of 1.5Mt of cement from an installed capacity of 12Mt/yr. Noticias Financieras has reported that, according to Brin, production, which was hampered by power shortages, was sufficient to meet the construction sector’s demand. “Public construction has stalled and private investment is restricted to limited office developments in state capitals,” said Brin. He estimated a contraction of 95% year-on-year in construction compared to 2018.

Venezuela: The Cacique Yaracuy mini cement plant is reportedly three quarters complete. Installation of the equipment at the unit is yet to start, according to Radio Mundial. The project is being built by India’s Megatech International. The plant is expected to have a production capacity of 4 million bags of cement per year when operational.

In 2014 the governor of Yaracuy, Julio Leon said the government was developing a 600t/day cement plant in Peña under an agreement between Venezuela and India. The project was part of plans to build three mini plants in the country.

Venezuela: Production at FMC Venezolana’s Pertigalete plant has dropped to 30% while repair work is being unertaken on its line 6. The production line was orignally shut down in February 2018 for upgrades to its filters, according to the El Tiempo newspaper. However the maintenance work has been delayed while the plant waits for a crane. At present only line 7 is operational at the site.

Venezuela: A cement plant at Valencia in Carabobo is only using 25% of its production capacity due to a lack of government investments. The plant was nationalised in 2017, according to the El Carabobeno newspaper. Reportedly it is the only plant out of four in the local area that is still operating.

Venezuela: Anti-corruption non-government organisation Transparencia Venezuela says that cement production at the country’s state-run plants dropped by 41% to 6Mt in 2015 from 10.2Mt in 2010. Four of these companies were only able to use 52% of their installed capacity between 2011 and 2015, according to the El Nacional newspaper. Fabrica Nacional de Cemento, Cemento Andino and Vencemos allegedly saw their production levels decline by 67%, 39% and 15% respectively over this period.

Venezuela: The Corporacion Socialista de Cementos’ Las Llanadas plant in Trujillo has started its second production line. Following the upgrade the state-owned plant’s cement production capacity will rise to 1.35Mt/yr from 0.5Mt/yr, according to the El Mundo newspaper. The new line was built using Chinese technology.