Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW500 / 07 April 2021

Headlines


Global Cement Weekly celebrates its 500th edition this week. This corresponds to nearly a decade’s worth of news and comment upon the cement industry, since the first edition went out in early June 2011. Time is brief, so the quick version of all of this is as follows: China; production growth; production overcapacity; grinding; corporate mergers; regionalisation; CO2; digitisation; and coronavirus.

Those looking for the longer version should read Peter Edwards’ review of the 2010s in the December 2019 issue of Global Cement Magazine. Although be warned, few were expecting a global pandemic to rock markets and possibly hasten future trends when that article was written. Those looking for the even longer version should read the last 10 years of the magazine and the website… and then let us know what we missed.

Looking back at the first few editions of Global Cement Weekly brings to mind the LP Hartley quote, “the past is a foreign country; they do things differently there.” It’s all very familiar until one comes across the little things that makes one realise how much has actually changed.

For example, countries were imposing import tariffs on cement, companies were buying each other, national cement associations were lobbying hard for their members and cement plants were investing in alternative fuels equipment. All that stuff has been happening continually over the last decade and right into this week, with Russian media announcing who has won the auction to buy Eurocement and LafargeHolcim closing its deal to buy Firestone Building Products. Yet, Lafarge and Holcim were still separate companies and Italcementi was independent in 2011. On the sustainability side, Norcem and its parent company HeidelbergCement Group, with the European Cement Research Academy (ECRA), had just started a partnership agreement with Aker Clean Carbon (ACC) to study post-combustion CO2 capture technology at Norcem’s plant in Brevik, Norway. Jump forward nine years and Norcem signed a deal with Aker Solutions in mid-2020 to order a full scale CO2 capture, liquification and intermediate storage plant at Brevik.

The big numbers from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) show that global cement production grew by 24% to 4.1Bnt in 2020 from 3.3Bnt in 2010. However, the big growth had stopped by around 2013 and production has hovered between 4.0Bnt/yr and 4.2Bnt/yr ever since. Alongside this, Getting the Number Right (GNR) data indicates that net CO2 emissions for cementitous products fell by 4% to 610kg/t in 2018 from 636kg/t in 2010. The former may show a levelling off of production as the Chinese market stabilised in the 2010s but the latter shows the progress that has been made in reducing cement-related CO2 emissions and the scale of the challenge that remains ahead.

 Graph 1: Embodied energy versus embodied CO2 of building materials. Source: Hammond & Jones, University of Bath, UK.

Graph 1: Embodied energy versus embodied CO2 of building materials. Source: Hammond & Jones, University of Bath, UK.

Cement industry readers should not lose heart about the future of the industry though, while environmental pressure continues to mount. Graph 1 above shows the embodied CO2 and energy of common building materials. Cement has been rightly identified as a major emitter of CO2 but any society that desires to build strong structures cheaply and at scale requires concrete to do so whilst the data above remains unchallenged. The ratios may change, such as the perennial energy-cost influenced tug-of-war between asphalt and concrete roads, but concrete remains the only game in town. For now. At which point cement production becomes all about reducing the CO2 emissions or capturing them, and determining who exactly pays for this. This then brings us to the present with the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme carbon price of over Euro40/t and other schemes popping up all around the planet. One echo from one of the early editions of Global Cement Weekly was the furore over Australia’s attempt at a carbon tax in the early 2010s. It was repealed in 2014.

One prediction about how the 2020s might be summarised for the cement industry is this: how to get away with pumping out all that CO2? Let’s see what the next decade will bring.


Morocco: LafargeHolcim Morocco has appointed Saâd Dalil as its cement sales and marketing director. He succeeds Boubker Bouchentouf, who is retiring after over 25 years with the group.

Dalil, aged 45 years, has worked for LafargeHolcim Morocco for over 14 years, most recently as its director of concrete. He originally trained in agricultural economics and holds an executive master of business administration (MBA) from the École des Ponts Business School.


Morocco: LafargeHolcim Morocco plans to open its new 1.6Mt/yr plant in Souss-Massa region in July 2021. The project has a budget of around US$330m. The unit is located 45km southwest of Agadir. As part of the group’s ‘plant of tomorrow’ concept it is intended to use automation technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence and predictive maintenance to improve its production efficiency. The plant is also planning to use wind power and alternative fuels. The company has also built new roads to support the plant as well as installations to establish a local drinking water network for neighbouring villages.


Pakistan: Maple Leaf Cement has commenced operations at clinker line 3 of its Iskanerabad cement plant following a modification to increase capacity. The Dawn newspaper has reported that the plant now has a capacity of 18,500t/day of grey clinker, up by 3% from 18,000t/day previously.


Nepal: Cement producers are unable to fully exploit increased demand following the coronavirus outbreak’s decline due to problems accessing reliable electricity. The Kathmandu Post newspaper has reported that outages and reduced power have stopped production for some companies and led to increased costs. Brij Cement has reportedly resorted to diesel generators, increasing cement’s production costs by US$0.26/bag.

Brij Cement’s general manager Ravi Kumar said, "It is difficult to run a factory without regular electricity supply. And even if there is power supply, it keeps fluctuating, causing problems."


Germany: Opterra has started a public consultation process about expanding the limestone quarry for its integrated Wössingen cement plant near Walzbachtal in Baden Württemberg. The move follows the plant’s quarry at Lugenberg reaching its approved perimeter to the east. The subsidiary of Ireland-based CRH plans to find a location for a new quarry to open from around 2030. The company also wants to conduct exploratory drilling in the region for additional limestone deposits.


Japan: Sumitomo Osaka Cement plans to set up a ‘Sustainability Promotion Office’ in April 2021 as part of the company’s efforts towards carbon neutrality by 2050. It follows the company’s medium and long-term sustainability targets that were set in December 2020.


Kenya: Bamburi Cement, Savannah Cement, Ndovu Cement and Rai Cement have written to the National Treasury opposing a proposal by the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) to raise tariffs on clinker imports to 25% from 10% at present or to implement at outright ban on imports. The cement producers say that increasing the tariffs would lead to unfair competition and destroy investments, according to the Kenyan Star newspaper. However, the KAA argues that the move will promote the manufacturing sector and create jobs.

Seddiq Hassani, the managing director of Bamburi Cement, said in a letter from the cement producers to the government, that they opposed the review at the current time but that they conceded that it was the right direction for the industry in the longer term to safeguard local manufacturing. He added that the four companies should be given a window of between four and five years to set up their own integrated plants to provide a predictable policy framework for investors.


Ukraine: Ukrcement, the Ukrainian cement association, has lobbied for cement to be excluded from a free trade agreement being arranged between Ukraine and Turkey. Pavel Kachur, the head of Ukrcement, said that he had informed the Ministry of Economy and the trade representative of Ukraine about the association’s view, according to Interfax-Ukraine. He said that the local cement sector was able to fully provide consumers with cement. He also noted the significantly higher cement production capacity in Turkey compared to Ukraine. In mid-2020 the Interdepartmental Commission for International Trade explored a complaint by local cement producers including Buzzi-Unicem subsidiary Dyckerhoff, HeidelbergCement subsidiary Kryvyi Rih Cement and CRH subsidiary Podilsky Cement into imports of cement from Turkey.


Taiwan: Taiwan Cement has announced plans to establish a super battery plant in Kaohsiung. The plant will produce high-charge-discharge nickel ternary batteries developed by the company’s subsidiaries TCC Green Energy and battery specialist E-Moli. The maximum total investment in the facility will be US$350m. The plant will be the first of its kind in Taiwan and will have a capacity of 1.8GW/yr in battery power.

Chair Nelson Chang said, "Everyone has only one nationality, Earth."


China: China National Building Materials (CNBM) has provided details of its subsidiaries’ efforts to prepare for the resumption of work following the end of the coronavirus outbreak in China and prevention of further outbreaks. The group set out 10 management measures, according to which its subsidiaries: implemented government and group regulations and requirements, took effective measures for work resumption, promoted Covid-19 awareness, formulated response measures, organised epidemic prevention and control, health-checked staff, provided sanitary equipment, controlled contact at work, including with outsiders, established isolation sites and disposed of hazardous materials.

The group said, “Each subsidiary overcame difficulties such as shortage of raw materials for production, poor transportation of products, difficulty in controlling the personnel that pick up goods in plant, and shortage of anti-epidemic materials to coordinate and promote the resumption of production.” It added, “The resumption of production has stabilised the enterprise's efficiency and staff, and maintained the orderly connection of the production chain of the whole building materials industry. We believe that as long as we have firm confidence, withstand the pressure and redouble our efforts, we will be able to minimise the adverse impact of the epidemic and make positive contributions to the stable development of economy and society.”


Azerbaijan: Holcim Azerbaijan, part of Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim, has launched its participation in the Azerbaijan Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources’ National Green Marathon with the planting of 1000 trees at its Garadagh cement plant. Turan Information Agency News has reported that the initiative aims to plant 1 million trees nationally in 2021.

Technical director Ali Huseynov said, "We have a common goal and value - sustainable development. We should apply principles of sustainability in each work and in every step. We are ready to demonstrate our best practices in environmental protection.” He added, “Our work is not over. We should also care for these trees and install an irrigation system. For this purpose, the work necessary for treatment and use of the wastewater in the irrigation system has started, and with this we can save clean water, contributing to the environmental protection."


Russia: Holdings company Smikom has won the auction to buy Eurocement from Sberbank. RBC News has reported the value of the deal as Euro2.1bn. Smikom, formerly known as BaselCement, will acquire a 100% share of Cyprus-based GFI Investments, which controls Eurocement Group. The final terms of the deal are still being agreed, according to sources quoted by the Russia-based media group. Neither Sberbank nor SmiKom have commented on the matter.

Sberbank acquired a 100% stake in GFI Investment in November 2020 following an increase in its debts in mid-2020. An electronic auction process for company then started in February 2021.

Eurocement is the largest cement producer in Russia operating 10 plants domestically and abroad.


Poland: Lafarge Poland, part of Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim, has begun the demolition of part of its 2.0Mt/yr Małogoszcz cement plant in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The work proceeded with the company taking down one of the plant’s 120m-high chimneys.

Industrial director Stanislaw Sobczyk said that the new Małogoszcz cement plant would “rise like a Phoenix from the ashes” of the old. The plant’s two chimneys were a local landmark and appeared on the logo of the former Małogoszcz Cement Company.


India: Aditya Birla subsidiary Grasim Industries has raised US$136m through fully paid unsecured non-convertible debentures (NCDs). The company has allotted the NCDs on a private placement basis.


Egypt: Sinai Cement’s consolidated net loss before minority interests was US$35.6m in 2020. The figure represents an increase of 26% year-on-year from US$28.3m in 2019, according to Mubasher.


Egypt: South Valley Cement’s full-year sales in 2020 were US$22.3m, down by 20% year-on-year from US$28.0m. Loss also fell by 20%, to US$16.0m from US$20.1m in the 2020 financial year, according to Mubasher.


US: Holcim Participations, part of Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim, has completed its acquisition of Firestone Building Products from Bridgestone. The group said that the acquisition marks a milestone in its transformation into a global innovative and sustainable building materials and solutions leader. It group said that the early conclusion of the deal came about due to ‘smooth collaboration’ with Bridgestone.

Chief executive officer Jan Jenisch welcomed Firestone Building Products’ 1900 employees to the group, saying “Together, we will lead this iconic company’s next era of growth to become the global leader in flat roofing systems. As we expand its leadership in the US to Europe and Latin America, I want the world to know that Nobody Covers You Better than Firestone.” He added, “I am excited about the strong growth prospects, accelerated by the many opportunities from President Biden’s ‘Build Back Better’ plan. With its leading roofing systems, Firestone Building Products makes us a partner of choice from rooftop to foundation. This truly is a milestone for LafargeHolcim as we become the global leader in innovative and sustainable building solutions.”


Pakistan/India: Pakistan has resumed trade with India following a hiatus since August 2019. The News International has reported that during the last full year of trading in 2018 Pakistan exported US$63m of cement and US$19m of gypsum to India.


Cuba: Citizens have begun buying stolen cement from government construction sites due to a shortage that has caused a price rise on the cement market. The Havana Times has reported that many people are unable to repair their housing due to the high prices. Government and military projects reportedly continue unaffected.


UK: Business consultant Catax has reported an 8% year-on-year rise in the UK construction sector’s research and development spending in 2020 to Euro432m from Euro401m in 2019. Total UK spending in the area across all sectors grew by 5% year-on-year to Euro45.1m. Gross domestic product fell by 9%.

Chief executive officer Mark Tighe said, “The pandemic stopped businesses in their tracks but those reliant on innovation clearly didn’t take their foot off the gas.” He added, “The construction sector shut completely in the first lockdown but, even so, the industry still grew its research and development spending on an annual basis last year. This will put the sector on a strong footing as we recover from the impact of the pandemic.”


Mexico: Cemex has hosted Mujer Construrama, a conference and workshop series hosted by female leaders in construction. 320 participants attended the event. The group said that it reinforced its commitment to gender equality, as a signatory of the UN Women and UN Global Compact’s Women’s Empowerment Principles, promoting equality in the workplace, marketplace, and the community. It added that women’s empowerment benefits individuals and society, allowing for economic and social improvement and healthy competition. Construrama is the largest retail building materials distribution network in Mexico, with 2100 stores. Women lead approximately 30% of the stores.


UK: Tarmac, part of Ireland-based CRH, has relocated reptiles to purpose-built bespoke habitats at its Bellhouse, Essex, quarry. The reptiles lived in an area of planned quarry expansion. Work began in 2016 on the new habitat for grass snakes, common lizards and slow worms, consisting of acid grassland, tussocks and ponds. The company plans to expand the reserve under its site restoration process. It says that this will enable reptile populations to grow.

Restoration manager Enrique Moran Montero said, “The restoration phase of a quarry provides so many opportunities to promote local fauna and flora, and we pride ourselves in making the most of this land. From nature reserves to parks and wildlife learning zones for schools to use, we always strive to provide benefits for local wildlife as well as the communities we work in.”