Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW597 / 01 March 2023

Headlines


The key trends to note from the financial results of cement producers in 2022 released so far are that sales revenues are up, sales volumes of cement are mostly down and earnings have mostly dropped too. Readers are not going to be surprised that 2022 was a tough year for business as the raw materials and services inflation coming out of the coronavirus period was heightened by energy cost spikes caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Producers put their prices up in response to deliver often record high annual revenues.

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected cement producers in 2021 and 2022. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement. 

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected cement producers in 2021 and 2022. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement.

What sticks out by looking at the sales volumes of cement figures in Graph 2 (below) is that Holcim’s cement sales volumes were about the same as Heidelberg Materials’ were in 2022, at around 120Mt. Remember, Holcim’s cement sales volumes were 200Mt in 2021 and 256Mt in 2015 at the time of the merger with Lafarge. Large divestments have followed with the sale to Adani Group of Holcim’s India-based companies in 2022 being one of the biggest. UltraTech Cement, meanwhile, has been steadily increasing its India-based cement production capacity.

Graph 2: Cement sales volumes from selected cement producers in 2021 and 2022. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement. 

Graph 2: Cement sales volumes from selected cement producers in 2021 and 2022. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement.

By company, Holcim’s diversification and regionalisation strategy appears to be paying off well. Reducing its exposure to the cement market is giving it a strong story to tell as it grows its light building materials division, frames this as a success in sustainability and moves out of developing markets. How well this will work if and when it ends the divestment and investment stage remains to be seen. One point to highlight is that its operating profit fell by 18% year-on-year on a like-for-like basis to US$3.43bn in 2022. As well as contending with high costs in 2022, a subsidiary connected to the group was fined US$778m by the US Department of Justice in late 2022.

Heidelberg Materials’ approach to the current economic conditions in 2022 seems to have been to keep its head down and push on for decarbonisation rather than diversifying its business. So it followed the ‘sales up, costs up but earnings down’ pattern of a few of the other cement companies covered here. Although, that said, it did diversify its name to ‘Materials’ from ‘Cement’ in September 2022.

Cemex experienced the same problems as the other companies for most of 2022 but conditions started to improve in the fourth quarter in most of its territories. In particular, it reported that earnings started to grow in Mexico towards the end of 2022 despite falling sales volumes of cement. It attributed this to its pricing strategy. Of note this week, the Mexican government is preparing to support higher levels of imports of cement into the country due to a shortage in the southeast of the country.

Buzzi Unicem, meanwhile, noticed a faster slowdown in cement deliveries in its key markets in Italy, the US and Eastern Europe in the last quarter of 2022 from a general trend that could also be seen earlier in the year. In its largest market, the US, it reported that investment in residential construction slowed. This was further affected by the growing cost of building materials and the rate of inflation, although increasing spending on infrastructure helped to keep domestic consumption stable. A favourable currency exchange rate between the US and the Euro also helped the company to report provisional earnings growth. Vicat’s US businesses in the US and Brazil helped cushion the group somewhat with a large rise in sales revenue. However, earnings in the US were hit by the costs related to the start up of the new kiln at the Ragland plant in Alabama, as well as general energy cost inflation. Its business in France fought against inflation with ‘significant’ price rises delivering a high increase in sales revenue but this was insufficient to prevent earnings from dropping.

The non-European based cement producers present a different picture. Despite the high energy costs, UltraTech Cement managed to increase its revenue and sales volumes of cement in 2022. Its net profit fell though year-on-year in the nine months to 31 December 2022. The company is targeting a cement production capacity of 159Mt/yr by around the 2025 financial year with the aim of becoming the largest cement producing company in the world outside of China. Dangote Cement managed to raise its prices at home in Nigeria to fight off inflation and hold revenue and earnings up. This was harder internationally though with supply chain disruption, high commodity prices, high freight rates and a plant shutdown in Congo blamed for holding earnings back.

Inflation and the energy markets will be clear concerns in 2023. If energy prices for industry stabilise globally then there is more of a chance for business as usual as markets cope better with higher costs. The continued dilemma for multinational cement companies remains whether to decarbonise through diversification or investment in new processes, and how far to go along either path. Meanwhile, the large regional producers are starting to show themselves outside of China, as UltraTech Cement’s growth trajectory testifies. One test for these companies is balancing the risk of expansion versus potential tighter local environmental regulations. The environmental rules of export markets are also a factor to consider here with the head of AdBri calling this week for an Australian equivalent to the European Union’s border adjustment mechanism to block so-called ‘dirty’ imports.

The next set of financial results from the cement sector in 2022 to look out for will be those from the large China-based cement producers. Once these are released we will examine them in more detail.


Switzerland: The board of directors of Holcim intends to propose Jan Jenisch as the group’s chair at its annual general meeting in May 2023. The move follows current chair Beat Hess’ decision not to stand for re-election. Hess was elected to Holcim’s board of directors in 2010 and became its chair in 2016. Jenisch has been the chief executive officer (CEO) of Holcim since 2017 and a member of the board of directors since 2021. He was previously the CEO of Sika from 2012.


Australia: AdBri has appointed Mark Irwin as its chief executive officer (CEO). He took the position on an interim basis in October 2022 following the departure of Nick Miller. Irwin has previously worked for a number of Australia-based industrial companies including OZ Minerals, BHP, Asciano, Transfield and GrainCorp.


Pakistan: Power Cement has appointed Taha Hamdani as its chief financial officer. He succeeds Irfan Sikander Bawa in the post.


Kenya: National Cement Company expects to commission its upcoming West Pokot clinker plant in September 2023. The cement company says that the plant will produce clinker for export to neighbouring countries in Central and East Africa. A previous survey by the Kerio Valley Development Authority proved reliable reserves of 1.2Mt/yr of limestone in the area. When commissioned, National Cement Company expects the new plant to generate 2000 direct jobs.


Australia: Adbri reported a full-year rise in sales of 8.5% year-on-year to US$1.15bn in 2022 from US$1.06bn in 2021. Its earnings before interest and taxation (EBIT) fell to US$106m, down by 10% from US$118m. The producer said that its cement sales rose by 6.3% year-on-year. Demand remained ‘solid’ in Western Australia, while sales dropped in Southern Australia, partly due to wet weather and the loss of an exclusive supply contract. Adbri noted that “The backlog of residential construction works, attributed to the shortage of trades and wet weather in 2022, will continue to underpin good order books in 2023.”

The group said “The past year has been one of the most challenging for the company in its long history. Our results were delivered against the backdrop of a difficult macroeconomic environment, which included the global economic instability resulting in inflationary pressures and wet weather events across Australia. The company also underwent a substantial leadership transition in the latter part of the year, with the former managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer stepping down from active duties as the company accelerates its transformational agenda.”

In 2022, Adbri achieved a 12% reduction in operational CO2 emissions compared to 2019. Chief executive officer Mark Irwin called on the national government and state governments to embed CO2 emissions reduction targets in legislation, and on the former to implement a carbon border adjustment mechanism on imported cement. Irwin noted that failure to implement such measures may lead lower-emitting plants such as the Birkenhead, South Australia, cement plant to transition to grinding imported clinker or consider closure.


Peru: The Peruvian National Institute for the Defence of Free Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi) has fined Yura and fellow Grupo Gloria subsidiary, transport company Racionalización Empresarial (Raciemsa), US$15.7m for abuse of their dominant position. Local press has reported that the companies conducted anti-competitive practices in Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno and Tacna, where Yura holds an over 90% market share, between October 2014 and April 2019. Alleged practices included threatening to restrict the supply of Yura cement to enforce exclusive supply contracts and restricting access to Yura cement plants for trucks transporting cement from other producers.


Philippines: Knauf Gypsum Philippines has petitioned the Philippines Tariff Commission to reduce the import duty on imports of Omani gypsum to 0% of value. Currently, Oman’s gypsum enjoys a most favoured nation (MFN) reduced tariff rate of 3%. The Oman Daily Observer newspaper has reported that high gypsum wallboard demand has created short supply of gypsum in the Philippines, according to Knauf Gypsum Philippines. Beside the company’s wallboard operations, the raw material is also critical to cement production in the country.

The Philippines receives a minor share of Oman’s 8.74Mt/yr of natural gypsum exports. The Southeast Asian country has a housing backlog of 6m units.


UK: Langley Holdings, owner of Claudius Peters, recorded consolidated sales of Euro1.17bn during 2022, up by 40% year-on-year from Euro815m in 2021. The group ended the year with an order backlog worth Euro900m. Its Other Industrials division, which includes Germany-based Claudius Peters, recorded sales of Euro277m, up by 11% from Euro250m. Langley Holdings said that, due to the length of its lead times, Claudius Peters’ profitability was especially impacted by costs rises in its delivery on existing contracts in 2022.

Chair Anthony Langley said “Hopefully management will make progress with tangible improvements to the plant machinery business: restructuring is not the preferred option, but, either way, I do expect a better result this year.”


Vietnam: Xuan Thien Group has secured permission for the construction of a US$1.25bn, 10Mt/yr cement plant in Hoa Binh Province. Việt Nam News has reported that the plant will occupy a 48 hectare site in Lac Thuy District. Construction will also involve the clearance of 48 hectare of jungle. Xuan Thien Group is currently also engaged in the construction of a lime plant and solar panel assembly plant in the district.


Nigeria: Dangote Cement recorded sales of US$3.49bn in 2022, up by 17% year-on-year from US$3.05bn in 2021. The producer's cement sales volumes fell by 5.1% year-on-year to 27.8Mt from 29.3Mt. Its selling and distribution costs rose by over 50% to US$643m, yet profit after tax also rose, by 4.9% to US$833m.

The Premium Times newspaper has reported that the producer invested US$543m in is subsidiaries throughout the year. The group said that most of this investment took place outside of Nigeria.


Nigeria: BUA Cement's gross earnings rose by 31% year-on-year to US$1.29bn in 2022 from US$981m in 2021. Meanwhile, the producer's net profit rose by 2.2% year-on-year to US$193m. The group said that increased bagged cement sales volumes offset the impacts of inflation and currency effects. BUA Cement's full-year finance costs were US$23m, up by a factor of six year-on-year.


Spain: Cementos Molins' sales were Euro1.27bn in 2022, up by 31% year-on-year from 2021 levels. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) were Euro276m, up by 14% over the same comparison period. The producer noted significant earnings contributions from its South American and Asian business, as well as from new acquisitions during the year. Its implementation of its operational efficiency plan and price rises successfully offset inflationary pressures. Throughout the year, the group's debt dropped by 18% to Euro145m.

Cementos Molins CEO Julio Rodríguez said "We have achieved record sales and profits in a very complex year with a constantly changing environment; despite this, once again we have been able to confirm the strength of our business model by achieving the objectives of the strategic plan 2020-2023 one year ahead. I would like to highlight that these results are the consequence of the contribution and talent of the Cementos Molins team worldwide and imply a boost of energy to continue working on the priority objective: our 2030 Sustainability Roadmap.”


Ireland: CRH expects to record increased earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) and profit before tax in its 2022 results. The producer has predicted an EBITDA of US$5.5bn, up by 10% year-on-year from US$5bn in 2021. This would entail a 0.8% year-on-year decline in its fourth-quarter EBITDA in the year. The producer also expects its profit after tax to rise by comparison to its 2021 figure of US$3.1bn.

CRH said that its projection “captures the impact of bad weather, higher energy costs in Europe, the risk of destocking in the building products chain and all this against tough comparisons from 2021.”


China: Taiheiyo Cement subsidiary Jiangnan-Onoda Cement suspended its production and sale of cement on 28 February 2023. Its Japan-based parent company said that it decided to suspend operations due to the 'tougher competitive environment' in China. This came about due to other producers' capacity expansions and 'advances in technical capabilities.' The suspension is in line with Taiheiyo Cement's strategy for the construction of a new business portfolio in Asia, under which it plans to expand its footprint in Southeast Asia and develop its logistics network.


India: Three cement producers placed winning bids for coal mining leases at auctions on 27 February 2023. Press Trust of India News has reported that Dalmia Cement (Bharat) and Rama Cement Industries won bidding for coal mining leases in Madhya Pradesh, while Shree Cement won a lease for mines in Chhattisgarh.


US: 100 Workers at Continental Cement's Hannibal cement plant in Missouri are on strike against alleged unfair labour practices. IndustriALL Global Union has accused the producer of restricting employees' say in schedules, overtime and cross training requirements at the plant, as well as of withholding information necessary for bargaining. The union additionally alleged that the company was discriminatory in its termination of contracts. The workers have continued to work amid on-going contract renegotiations following the expiry of a collective agreement between them and the producer in May 2022.

IndustriALL Global Union said "Continental Cement’s actions have left workers no other options but to make their voices heard by striking against unfair labour practices. We are determined to fight for the fair contract. It's time for Continental Cement to follow the law and negotiate in good faith for a fair contract.”


Pakistan: Fauji Cement recorded sales of US$406m during the first half of its 2023 financial year, up by 33% year-on-year from US$306m in the first half of the 2022 financial year. The producer's profit was US$61.3m, up by 34% from US$45.7m. During the half, the company's selling and distribution expenses fell by 1.4%, its administrative expenses rose by 8% and its other expenses rose by 12%.


Denmark: FLSmidth's cement business recorded 29% year-on-year sales growth to US$2.14bn in 2022, from US$1.66bn in 2021. The business' earnings before interest, taxation and amortisation (EBITA) totaled US$28.9m, compared to negative earnings of US$2.7m in 2021. During the year, its Americas region contributed 34% of sales, its Europe, North Africa and Russia region (subsequently Europe and North Africa) 26%, its Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and South Asia region 25% and its Asia-Pacific region 15%. Overall, FLSmidth's sales rose by 24%, while its EBITA fell by 8%, year-on-year.

The supplier said "Overall, our cement service showed strong performance throughout the year. In some countries, we did however start to see the first cases of budget constraints imposed to counter the increasing energy costs."

Looking forward to 2023's anticipated result, it noted a 'healthy' order pipeline, but an anticipated slow-down in producers' decision making. This is due to concerns related to energy volatility continuing the wake of the outbreak of war in Ukraine. FLSmidth concluded "The short-term outlook for the cement industry remains impacted by overcapacity, and the potential recession is expected to impact market demand negatively over the coming period."


Germany: The Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) has validated Heidelberg Materials' new 2030 CO2 reduction targets. The targets have a base year of 2020 and conform to a 1.5°C climate change framework. Per tonne of cementitious material, the producer is now committed to reducing its Scope 1 CO2 emissions by 24%, its Scope 2 CO2 emissions by 65% and its Scope 3 emissions by 25%.

Heidelberg Materials' chief sustainability officer Nicola Kimm said “As reflected in our updated Sustainability Commitments 2030, climate action is a crucial element of Heidelberg Materials’ sustainability strategy. The SBTi validation shows that our sustainability agenda not only includes the most ambitious reduction target in the cement industry – but also a realistic, measurable plan in line with the 1.5°C scenario. We follow a clear, science-based approach, reducing our carbon footprint through the levers of product and process innovation and industrial-scale carbon capture, utilisation and storage. By closing the carbon and material loops, we will lead the sustainable transformation of our sector.”

In 2019, Heidelberg Materials became the first cement company to secure SBTi validation for its emissions reduction commitments.


Austria: RHI Magnesita reported revenues of Euro3.3bn throughout 2022, up by 30% year-on-year from 2021 levels. The refractories supplier's raw materials and shipping costs rose, but it was able to offset the rise by increasing its prices. The company said that this generated Euro600m in additional revenues, enabling it to maintain profitability 'through a challenging economic cycle.' It noted global volatility and uncertainty, which it expects to continue into 2023, for which it forecast a full-year drop in global cement demand. It expects 'strong growth' in India to offset any resulting decline in its sales in other markets.

RHI Magnesita CEO Stefan Borgas said "I am pleased to report growing progress on our mergers and acquisitions strategy, with acquisitions in India, China, Türkiye and Europe agreed or completed during the year. Whilst the outlook for 2023 is more uncertain than prior years due to slowing demand for refractories and softer pricing in certain regions, RHI Magnesita is able to face these challenges in a much stronger condition as a result of the implementation of its strategic cost savings and sales strategies over the past four years."


Mexico: The government is expected to 'implement import facilities' to support the import of more cement into Mexico. Local press has reported that the measure is a response to local cement shortages in 'several regions,' above all in Southeast Mexico. The government also expects imports to lower domestic cement prices.

Mexico has a domestic cement production capacity of 42Mt/yr. This fell short of national consumption in 2022.


Switzerland: Holcim recorded sales of US$31.2bn during 2022, up by 8.8% year-on-year from US$28.7bn in 2021. Its recurring earnings before interest and taxation (EBIT) were US$5.08bn, up by 3% from US$4.93bn. The group's cement business recorded sales of US$17.5bn, up by 14% on a like-for-like basis. Its EBIT grew to US$3.53bn, up by 1% on a like-for-like basis.

In its Asia Pacific region, Holcim faced high cost inflation in India and reduced demand in China, but reported 'good performance' in Australia. In Europe, the group's cement volumes were ‘softer’ but 'strong pricing' offset cost inflation. It recorded 'strong profitable growth' in Latin America and 'over-proportional recurring EBIT growth' in Middle East - Africa and North America.

Chief executive officer Jan Jenisch said “As we enter 2023, we are continuing our fast pace. We’ve already made seven acquisitions in the first two months of the year, including Duro-Last, a roofing systems leader in the most attractive North American market. We also acquired German roofing leader FDT to expand our commercial roofing presence in Europe, as well as a range of bolt-ons across Europe and the US. I look forward to another year of continued profitable growth and fast-paced transformation, to become the global leader in innovative and sustainable building solutions.”


Spain: Cemex España will install a carbon capture system at its Alicante cement plant in Valencia, as part of its efforts to make the unit a 'benchmark pioneer low-CO2' cement plant. The producer holds a contract with ET Fuels for the supply of 45,000t/yr of CO2 captured at the facility for methanol production.

Chief executive officer Fernando González said “Our goal of reaching net-zero CO2 emissions is achievable and will be driven by collaboration and innovation. Our decarbonisation roadmap includes reducing emissions to the lowest possible level through proven levers such as clinker substitution and alternative fuels. New levers, such as rapidly developing CCUS initiatives, must effectively tackle the remaining CO2 emissions to hit our ambitious 2050 objectives.”


Europe: Cemex’s annual CO2 emissions from its European operations fell by 41% in 2022 compared to 1990. It added that it had cut its emissions in the region by 12% between 2020 and 2022. The group attributed the decline to the success of its climate action strategy to date, including a large investment in a new alternative fuels facility in the UK, investments in solar power plants in Germany and Poland and the roll-out of its Vertua reduced-CO2 products across the region.

Regional president Sergio Menendez said "As we begin to implement the next stages in our climate action strategy, we now expect to exceed our 2030 aspiration of hitting a 55% CO2 reduction in our European operations. While we are progressing important carbon capture projects and policy advocacy for our ultimate net zero target, these 2030 interim aspirations are not reliant on this technology.” he continued, “This is certainly a challenging target, but I am confident that with innovative thinking, close collaboration between our different business areas and further development of our regulatory framework, it is both feasible and profitable. This sustained effort is vital if we are to meet our global, primary objective of becoming a net-zero CO2 company by 2050. We will continue to provide regular updates on our progress.”


Nepal: Hetauda Cement Udyog has resumed operations at its Hetauda cement plant after receiving a 1600t delivery of imported coal. República News has reported that importers sourced the coal from Bhutan, India, Indonesia and Pakistan. The Hetauda cement plant had been out of operation since 10 February 2023 due to a lack of coal. The producer said that the latest delivery will last it until 11 March 2023. The producer had ordered 8000t of coal.


India: Orient Cement says that it has 'mutually terminated' a memorandum of understanding with Adani Group subsidiary Adani Power Maharashtra for a sublease of land in Tiroda in Maharashtra. Orient Cement had planned to establish a grinding plant on the land. It is located at the site of Adani Power Maharashtra's Tiroda coal-fired power plant and belongs to the state-owned Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation. The parties signed the agreement in September 2021. The reason for termination was the parties' failure to meet its conditions, even despite extensions beyond the stipulated 365-day period in which to do so.


West Africa: Germany-based InterCem has successfully despatched its second InterHop hopper to West Africa. The hopper will handle clinker and raw materials for an unnamed customer there. The supplier says that the equipment offers an unloading rate of 14,400t/hr. It produced it in the UAE.


India: The price of imported coal ended December 2022 at US$145/t. The figure represented a 15% month-on-month drop from November 2022 levels. HT Media News has reported that the price is the lowest since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

Finance company IDBI Capital has forecast that earnings before interest, taxation and amortisation (EBITA) per tonne of cement by local cement producers will rise by US$2.66/t quarter on quarter during the fourth quarter of the 2023 financial year, which will end on 31 March 2023. This is partly due to an anticipated 10% year-on-year decline in coal and petcoke costs during the period, alongside a 10% rise in cement volumes projected over the same period.


Kyrgyzstan: Cement companies produced 2.67Mt of cement nationally in 2022, up by 7.1% year-on-year from 2021 levels, local press has reported. The Eurasian Economic Commission noted that only Armenia outstripped Kyrgyz cement production growth regionally, with an 18% rise to 1.07Mt.


Germany: Heidelberg Materials' sales increased by 13% year-on-year to Euro21.1bn in 2022 from Euro18.7bn in 2021. This was despite a 6.1% drop in cement and clinker volumes, to 119Mt from 127Mt. Heidelberg Materials' cement and clinker volumes fell by 10% in Western and Southern Europe, by 7.8% in Northern and Eastern Europe-Central Asia, by 14% in North America, by 1.3% in Africa-Eastern Mediterranean Basin and by under 1% in Asia-Pacific. The group's materials costs rose by 23% to Euro21.4bn from Euro18.8bn. Meanwhile, its profit dropped by 9.4% to Euro1.72bn from Euro1.9bn.

Chief executive officer Dominik von Achten said "It’s evident that we can only be profitable in the long term by shaping our future as a company in a climate-compatible way, further reducing the footprint of our products and closing material loops. We are making good strides in all areas. Compared with the previous year, we were able to reduce our specific net CO2 emissions by another 2% in 2022. Our carbon capture, utilisation and storage projects launched worldwide are progressing favourably. At our CCS project in Brevik, Norway, we are well on track with the construction of the world's first CO2 capture plant in our industry, and we look forward to commissioning in 2024." Von Achten continued "We have made a good start to 2023. The fourth quarter showed that we have laid a good foundation for the development in this year. Volatility on energy and raw material markets remains high, but the current easing in energy prices is giving us some breathing room. On the demand side, government infrastructure plans should compensate for the decline in private housing construction. We are optimistic about the further course of the year.”


Pakistan: Bestway Cement has published its first-half results for the 2023 Pakistan financial year, showing a 20% year-on-year rise in its gross turnover to US$222m from US$185m. Its cost of sales rose by 25% to US$110m, but failed to offset sales growth, resulting in 23% profit growth to US$44.5m from US$35.3m.


Pakistan: DG Khan Cement recorded sales of US$114m during the first half of the 2023 Pakistani financial year. The figure corresponds to growth of 8.5% year-on-year from US$105m in the first half of the 2022 financial year. Its cost of sales was US$97.4m, up by 82% from US$53.4m. Its profit was US$3.56m, up by 72% from US$2.07m.


Pakistan: Pioneer Cement's sales were US$95.7m in the first half of its 2023 financial year. This corresponds to a 19% year-on-year rise from US$80.2m in the first half of the 2022 financial year. The producer overcame 20% growth in its cost of sales to US$53.2m from US$44.2m, to record a profit after tax of US$6.72m, up by 54% from US$4.36m.


Sri Lanka: Bogala Graphite has launched its new cement-strengthening graphene oxide additive. Daily FT News has reported that potential investors will be able to discuss the new technology with Bogala Graphite at the forthcoming Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 exhibition later in February 2023.