Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW601 / 29 March 2023

Headlines


The Chinese cement sector had a tough time in 2022. This was confirmed this week as the large domestic cement producers released their financial results. Revenue was down, profits fell and cement sales volumes tumbled. The key causes included the continuation of the country’s zero-coronavirus policy, the declining real estate market and rising input costs for raw materials such as coal. Demand for cement withered and so did the fortunes of the cement companies.

Graph 1: Cement output in China, 2018 to 2022. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China. 

Graph 1: Cement output in China, 2018 to 2022. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China.

Data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China shows that cement output fell by 9.8% year-on-year to 2.13Bnt in 2022 from 2.36Bnt in 2021. The greater decrease was in the first half of the year rather than the second. The China Cement Association (CCA) said that this was nearly the lowest output in the last decade and the largest decline since 1969 ! The National Bureau of Statistics of China also pointed out in a release that, despite investment in fixed assets increasing by around 5% in 2022 and national infrastructure spending growing by 9%, real estate development investment dropped by 10% to US$1.46Tn.

Graph 2: Sales revenue from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports. 

Graph 2: Sales revenue from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports.

Graph 3: Sales volumes of cement and clinker from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports. 

Graph 3: Sales volumes of cement and clinker from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports.

The cement producers warned in their forecasts that the results for 2022 were going to be rough and so it came to pass. China National Building Material (CNBM)’s revenue fell by 16% year-on-year to US$33.4bn in 2022 and Anhui Conch’s sales fell by 21% to US$19.2bn in 2022. Although, Tangshang Jidong Cement and Huaxin Cement reported declines of income or revenue in single digits. Profits halved for all of the companies covered here. Various combinations of the reasons covered above were cited for the situation.

What is more interesting are the responses some of the producers are making and what has gone well. CNBM, for example, is pinning its hopes on better staggered peak production and infrastructure projects. Anhui Conch, meanwhile, appears to have been diversifying its business by increasing both its concrete and solar power production capacity significantly in 2022. It was also announced that it plans to spend US$2.81bn on capital expenditure projects in 2023. China Resources Cement (CRC) said it had optimised its presence in South China through selected acquisition and divestments. Huaxin Cement has continued its focus on overseas markets with its share of operating revenue originating from outside China rising to 13% of the group’s total in 2022 compared to 8% in 2021. It also mentioned a number of unnamed projects around the world steadily drawing nearer to action. Sure enough, the group announced earlier in March 2023 that it was buying a majority stake in Oman Cement.

As for 2023, the CCA forecast in January 2023 that cement demand would be flat or slightly down. However, at the same time, provincial changes to the real estate market are expected to improve market conditions and infrastructure development will further drive demand for cement. The CCA identified that the cement sector’s production overcapacity could become an issue with lower demand. In 2022 the national clinker production utilisation rate was 65%, a fall of 10% from that in 2021. It also pointed out that peak-staggered production had actually helped cement producers generally to cope with smaller declines in profits compared to less well regulated industries.

Problems such as the zero-coronavirus policy, the real estate market and rising raw material costs have made the country’s production overcapacity issue worse. Changes are being made such as the national abandonment of the coronavirus lockdowns in late 2022, and, as mentioned above, the real estate market is being modified. In addition to this, various environmental changes are on the way, as the government works towards its sustainability goals. The country remains the largest cement producer in the world. Yet the message here is that we should expect more of the same for the cement sector in China in 2023.


Kenya: Bamburi Cement has appointed Mohit Kapoor as its Group Chief Executive Officer (CEO), with effect from 1 April 2023. He succeeds Seddiq Hassani, who has held the position since 2018.

Kapoor is an electrical engineer who has also worked in marketing and supply chain management. He previously held the post of the CEO of Holcim Qatar. Prior to this he worked as the Head of Growth and Innovation at Holcim India, the Managing Director of Readymix Projects, the Vice President of Logistics and Supply Chain at Lafarge India and the Senior Project Manager for Lafarge Group Audit.


China: China National Building Material's (CNBM) revenue fell by 16% year-on-year to US$33.4bn in 2022 from US$40.0bn in 2021. Its adjusted earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) fell by 31% to US$5.18bn from US$7.50bn. Sales from its cement and concrete business segments fell by 18% to US$16.0bn and 29% to US$5.25bn respectively. Adjusted EBITDA fell by 42% to US$2.89bn and 7% to US$470m. Its sales volumes of cement and clinker decreased by 15% to 316Mt from 373Mt. Sales volumes of concrete decreased by 24% to 84.7Mm3 from 112Mm3.

The group said that, “In 2022, the triple pressure from shrinking demand, supply shock and weakening expectations persisted, and the complexity, severity and uncertainty of the development environment increased.” With regards to the building materials segment it blamed a declining real estate market, a poor economy and general poor demand in both the peak and off seasons. It added, “The downturn in demand has further aggravated the contradiction of overcapacity in the industry, with prices running low, coupled with a sharp rise in the cost of coal and other elements leading to escalating production costs, the production and operation situation was extremely critical.” In response the company is continuing to push for supply-side reform, promote precise staggered peak production, working on stablising the market and seeking out opportunities to supply large-scale infrastructure projects.


China: Anhui Conch’s sales fell by 21% year-on-year to US$19.2bn in 2022 from US$24.4bn in 2021. Its net profit dropped by 52% to US$2.31bn from US$4.84bn. Sales volumes of cement and clinker decreased by 24% to 310Mt. It blamed the situation on weakening market demand and high energy costs.

New projects that started operation in 2022 included a capacity replacement scheme at its Anhui Chizhou Conch Cement subsidiary and two new clinker production lines at the Qarshi project in Uzbekistan. The group also completed its acquisition of Chongqing Duoji Renewable Resources, Naimanqi Hongji Cement and Chifeng Hahe Cement. By the end of 2022 its cement and concrete production capacities rose by 1% to 269Mt and 73% to 25.5Mm3. Its solar power capacity also more than doubled to 475MW.


China: Tangshang Jidong Cement’s operating income fell by 5% year-on-year to US$5.03bn in 2022 from US$5.27bn in 2021. Its net profit dropped by 52% to US198m from US$409m. Its sales volumes of cement decreased by 13% to 87Mt. It reported a cement production utilisation rate of around 49% from its total capacity of 176Mt/yr. The company blamed market overcapacity, a falling real estate market and mounting coal prices for tough trading conditions in the cement sector.


China: China Resources Cement (CRC) turnover fell by 27% year-on-year to US$4.10bn in 2022 from US$5.60bn in 2021. Its profit dropped by 75% to US$247m from US$989m. Its cement and concrete sales volumes decreased by 11% to 72.1Mt and 27% to 10.8Mm3 respectively. During the reporting year the group says it optimised its presence in South China by acquiring majority stakes in Hunan Liangtian Cement and Zhaoqing Jingang Cement, buying a minority stake in Fengqing County Xiqian Cement and by selling a majority stake in Shanxi China Resources Fulong Cement.


China: Huaxin Cement’s revenue fell by 6% year-on-year to US$4.43bn in 2022 from US$4.72bn in 2021. Its net profit decreased by 50% to US$393m from US$780m. Its sales volumes of cement and clinker declined by 20% to 75.3Mt and concrete sales volumes nearly doubled to 16.4Mm3. Despite flat cement demand the company expects a general domestic economic improvement, real estate market reforms and a focus on infrastructure to improve its fortunes in 2023.

During the reporting period the subsidiary of Switzerland-based Holcim started operating a 3000t/day production line at Nepal Narayani in early 2022 and commenced the second stage of a project to build a 4000t/day clinker line at Maweni in Tanzania in July 2022. Preparation work for a new clinker line project in Malawi also began. The company added that it has completed the investment and verification for ten additional projects in Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere in preparation of future business expansion. Overall, 13% of the group’s operating revenue derived from business outside of China in 2022 compared to 8% in 2021.


China: China Tianrui Group Cement reported a year-on-year decline in its sales during 2022. The group recorded sales of US$1.61bn, down by 15% from US$1.85bn. Its net profit was US$65.1m, down by 63% from US$174m.


Saudi Arabia: Southern Province Cement says that it has finished reviewing submissions for a contract to build a new line at its Jazan cement plant, and is now drafting and reviewing the contract to sign with its chosen contractor. The new line will have a capacity of 10,000t/day and will replace existing production lines.

Southern Province Cement recorded sales of US$357m in 2022, down by 9% year-on-year from US$325m in 2021. The company said that its operating expenses rose, while its cement volumes and selling prices fell. Its profit dropped by 30% to US$80.2m from US$114m.


India: Ramco Cements has accepted bids worth US$60.9m for bonds maturing in four years, in four years and six months and in five years. Reuters has reported that the two shorter maturity bonds are each worth US$18.2m, while the five-year maturity bond is worth US$24.3m.


Tanzania: Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) plans to expand the capacity of the 54,000t/yr port of Kasanga on Lake Tanganyika in Rukwa Region. Mbeya Cement Company exports 42,000t/yr of cement via its terminal at the port to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. The port has been undergoing a US$1.92m upgrade to raise its berths due to rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika since April 2019.

The port of Kasanga generates revenues of US$34,200/yr for the TPA, primarily from Mbeya Cement Company’s export operations.


India: Malabar cement has announced the launch of a new dry mix for plastering buildings. The Hindu newspaper has reported that the mix consists of dried sand and cement. It is available in 40kg bags.


UK: Hanson says it has become one of the first companies in the UK to be certified to the new ISO 19443 standard, for companies supplying products and services that are important to nuclear safety. The subsidiary of Germany-based Heidelberg Materials is a supplier to the nuclear sector and is currently working with three of the delivery teams on the Hinkley Point C (HPC) project.

Stewart Cameron, head of nuclear at Hanson UK said “It has taken our HPC team a year to complete the ISO 19443 process.” He added, “Although it is not a requirement for our supplies to the project, it recognises the efforts we make – and helps others understand – why nuclear needs to be different.”


Germany: Intercem Engineering is set to celebrate its 20th anniversary on 14 April 2023. The group was originally founded over 50 years ago when it started by selling used machines to the cement industry. Anther subsidiary, Intercem Installation, was founded in 2007.

At present, Intercem Group consists of Intercem Engineering, Intercem Installation, both based in Oelde in Germany, and Intercem Cement, based in Zug in Switzerland. The company’s production plant is also located in Oelde. The three companies are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Switzerland-based Intercem Holding. The group currently employs around 50 people, mainly engineers and technicians.

Intercem offers services in cement plant construction from a single source. This ranges from individual components to upgrades of existing plants up to complete cement plants. It exports around 80% of its services with its main sales markets in West Africa, France, Sweden and Germany.


China: Anhui Conch Cement plans to invest US$2.81bn in capital expenditure (CAPEX) throughout 2023. The investments will go towards building new capacity, upgrading to new technologies and increasing plants' energy efficiency. The Morning Star newspaper has reported that the producer currently faces high energy costs, against a backdrop of reduced cement demand.

Anhui Conch Cement recorded sales of US$19.2bn in 2022, down by 21% year-on-year from US$24.4n in 2021.


China: West China Cement recorded US$1.23bn in sales in 2022, up by 6% year-on-year from US$1.16bn in 2021. The producer's profit dropped by 23% to US$176m from US$230m.

Looking to the 2023 full year, West China Cement said that it expects demand in Guizhou and Xinjiang Provinces to 'remain subdued.' It noted upcoming infrastructure projects in Shaanxi Province as a source of substantial demand, but overall does not expect significant demand growth there. Meanwhile in Mozambique, the group expects its performance to remain unchanged.


Mexico: Cemex has reviewed its global sustainability and financial performance during 2022 in its Integrated Report 2022. During the year, the group reduced its specific CO2 emissions by 9% from 2020 levels and by 30% from 1990 levels. It achieved a target of US$1bn-worth of investment in strategic projects over a period begun in 2020. Projects included the execution of water optimisation plans at 20% of Cemex sites in high-water stress areas. Cemex co-processed 27Mt of waste as alternative fuel (AF) in its global cement production - 67 times greater than its own non-recyclable waste footprint - and achieved an AF substitution rate of 35%. Meanwhile, the group also reduced its cement's clinker factor to 74%. Its Vertua reduced-CO2 concrete range accounted for 33% of its concrete sales. During the year, Cemex launched the world's first net zero, fully electric heavy concrete mixer truck.

In 2022, Cemex recorded sales of US$15.6bn, down by 12% year-on-year, and reduced its debt to US$408m.


Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre subsidiary Carbonaide has concluded its seed funding round, having raised funds worth Euro1.8m. Lakan Betoni, which produces precast and ready-mix concrete, led the funding, along with utilities provider Vantaa Energy. Carbonaide will use the funds to build an industrial pilot plant for its carbon neutral precast concrete product at an existing precast concrete plant in Hollola. The plant will bind captured CO2 in the product at atmospheric pressure. The process generates 50% lower CO2 emissions than precast concrete production using ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Suitable raw materials include ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), green liquor dregs and bio-ash. In trial production, the use of GGBFS gave Carbonaide's concrete a negative carbon footprint of -60kg/m3.

Other sources of loans and in-kind contributions included Finnish state innovation fund Business Finland.


India: Adani Group is rumoured to have entered negotiations to extend the repayment duration of its US$4bn loan for the acquisition of Holcim's Indian business. The group secured the funds in August 2022. The Economic Times newspaper has reported that the group is seeking to extend the duration of its repayments from 18 months to at least five years. It is reportedly also seeking a similar extension for a parallel US$1bn mezzanine loan tranche.

Adani Group described the rumour as 'incorrect.'


Argentina: Holcim Argentina has advanced its diversification strategy with the acquisition of coatings company Quitam. Quitam produces the Quimexur range of paints and liquid membranes. Holcim Argentina said that the range will join its GacoFlex Technoprotect waterproofing and roofing offering.

Holcim Argentina CEO Christian Dedeu said "This is a business opportunity strongly aligned with Holcim's growth strategy in Argentina, allowing us to expand our portfolio of solutions and products for construction, taking advantage of our channel of distributors and the over 450 points of sale of our Disensa retail network." Dedeu added "This agreement helps us to consolidate our 2025 strategy, with a focus on integral solutions to reinforce our leadership and continue to support the development of the construction sector.”

Paint and membranes currently constitute 11% of the Argentinian building products market.


US: Heidelberg Materials subsidiary Mason City Cement plans to invest US$4 - 5m in upgrades to its kiln line by 2026. Upon completion, the work will enable the plant to achieve an alternative fuel (AF) substitution rate of 50%.

Heidelberg Materials' North America regional vice president of government affairs and communications David Perkins said "We want to be proactive as a company and really try to lower our carbon footprint and energy intensity, while recognising we have to be competitive." He added "We're a long-term industry on the cement side because of the investment that's required to produce it."


India: Ambuja Cements' parent company Adani Group says that the cement producer aims to more than double its sales to US$8.5bn in 2028. Ambuja Cements currently expects to record sales of US$3.61bn in 2023. It is targeting an earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) margin of 25% in 2028. Its EBITDA margin averaged 19% in the period from 2020 to 2022.

Dow Jones Institutional News has reported that Ambuja Cements' internal accruals are sufficient to fund US$5.58bn in capital expenditure (CAPEX) over the same period, according to the company. It says that it plans to double its capacity through CAPEX investments before 2028.


Philippines: Holcim Philippines recorded sales of US$490m during 2022, down by 1% year-on-year from US$499m. Sales rose by 9% year-on-year to US$266m during the second half of the year, 53% of the full-year figure. Throughout the year, the producer increased its alternative fuel (AF) substitution rate by 20% year-on-year and processed 1Mt of waste from industrial partners and local government bodies. Digitisation initiatives and alternative raw materials substitution helped the producer to reduce its specific CO2 emissions by 7%. The Business Mirror newspaper has reported that the year also brought 'surging' energy and fuel costs for the producer.

President and CEO Horia Adrian said "In the face of extraordinary challenges, our company and people displayed tremendous resilience that enabled us to deliver positive financial performance and contribute to building progress in the country. Alongside a strong sales rebound in the second half and expansion of our customer base, we accelerated the decarbonisation of our operations."


Portugal: Setúbal District Council has submitted its opinion in the on-going consultation process over Secil's plans to expand its Arrábida quarry in Arrábida National Park. The quarry serves Secil's Outão cement plant. The Jornal de Negócios newspaper has reported that Secil has applied to expand the quarry up to a total area of 117 hectares, and says that the newly expanded quarry would have less impact on the landscape and environment than it currently does.

Setúbal District Council acknowledged Secil's 'clear effort' in its rehabilitation of exhausted sections of the Arrábida quarry, as well as the company's importance to the regional and national economy. Nonetheless, it concluded that the proposed expansion 'is not compatible with the territorial management instruments in force, which are currently under revision.'


Japan: Sumitomo Osaka Cement will launch its new sustainability committee on 1 April 2023. The committee will promote initiatives to reduce the producer's CO2 emissions and help it to 'realise a decarbonised society.' The new committee will operate alongside Sumitomo Osaka Cement's existing corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee, which has been in operation since April 2020.


Barbados: Arawak Cement has ceased clinker production at its St Lucy cement plant. The facility will continue to operate as a grinding plant. Loop News has reported that the company now seeks to lay off 70% of the plant's staff. Negotiations between the producer and the Barbados Workers' Union are reportedly in 'advanced' stages.

In its previous restructuring in 2016, Arawak Cement offered voluntary separation packages to employees. At that time, 'unfavourable economic conditions globally and in the region' necessitated cost reduction.


France: Vicat and Materrup have formed a joint venture to industrialise production and accelerate marketing of Materrup's Clay Cement 1 (MCC1) raw clay cement. The Le Moniteur newspaper has reported that the technology is based on a precursor and activator mixture which removes the need for calcination of the clay. Materrup said that this halves MCC1 cement's CO2 emissions compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC).

The partners say that clay has better long-term feasibility than other alternative raw materials for cement production, because global reserves are currently 2Tnt.


Cyprus: Vassiliko Cement has incurred a fine of Euro5.07m from the Cypriot Committee for the Protection of Competition (EPA). The commission found that the producer took advantage of its dominant position in the local cement market to impose 'unfair sale prices.' This 'excessively enlarged' the producer's profit margins in the period from 2013 to 2018.

The EPA also ordered Vassiliko Cement not to repeat the violation.


Austria: Fibre cement products company Eternit Österreich will rebrand as Swisspearl Österreich, effective from 1 April 2023. The company has been a subsidiary of Switzerland-based Swisspearl Group since 2009.


Mexico: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has accused the US government of funding environmentalists' challenges to the government's planned Tren Maya tourist railway project. AP News has reported that López Obrador has declared the project a matter of national security.

Cemex is currently embroiled in a dispute with Vulcan Materials subsidiary Sac-Tun over use of the latter's Punta Venado terminal in Quintana Roo. The terminal sits along the planned route of the Tren Maya line. The Mexican State Prosecutor's Office supported Cemex's re-entry into the terminal on 14 March 2023. The government previously rejected Sac-Tun's application to renew its quarrying licence for its quarry at the site of the terminal.

For more on this story, read our Global Cement Weekly analysis.


Brazil: Secil Supremo Cimentos has appointed FLSmidth to carry out a pyro process upgrade at its Adrianópolis cement plant in Paraná. The Denmark-based supplier says that it plans to carry out modifications on the plant's preheater, cooler and related auxiliary equipment. It says the new equipment will expand the plant's capacity to 3900t/day, corresponding to an annual production capacity of 1.42Mt/yr. It will also enable it to increase its alternative fuel (AF) substitution rate to 40%. Secil Supremo Cimentos' AF mix consists of shredded tyres, wood and other refuse-derived fuels.

FLSmidth's head of capital sales, Jens Jonas Skov Larsen, said “We are grateful for our continued partnership with Supremo, which has consistently invested in the latest technology. As the plant was already operating an ILC five-stage preheater from FLSmidth, it was well positioned to use AF.”


Poland: Lafarge Polska has signed a 10-year power supply agreement with Germany-based energy provider RWE Supply & Trading. Under the contract, Lafarge Polska will receive renewable energy from Windfarm Polska III on the coast at Sztum, Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is owned by German state-owned Stadtwerke München (SWM).

Renewables Now News has reported that Lafarge Polska is currently building a 41MW solar power plant at the site of its former Wierzbica cement plant in Masovian Voivodeship. This will cover a further 10% of its energy consumption.


Vietnam: Thang Thang Cement has despatched a shipment of 55,000t of cement produced at its Ha Nam cement plant to a customer in Central America. Vietnam Investment Review News has reported that Lotus Cement and Commodities Trading Corporation shipped the order from Ho Chi Minh City.

Vietnamese cement producers are reportedly seeking new trade partners due to 'lingering headwinds' in the domestic and global markets.


EU: Cembureau, the European cement sector association, has lobbied the EU in support of a draft act for the setting of CO2 storage capacity quotas for member states. It called for the simplification and acceleration of permitting procedures for storage sites. It also encouraged policymakers to strengthen the focus on CO2 transport networks, ensuring fair access conditions for cement plants.

Cembureau said "Whilst a mix of technologies are needed to decarbonise cement production, carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is particularly critical, as our sector faces unavoidable process emissions. A large number of CCUS pilot and demonstration projects have been launched by cement companies across Europe, with the first of them becoming operational as early as 2024. The pipeline of investments is particularly strong – for instance, the latest ETS Innovation Fund call awarded over Euro500m three cement CCUS projects."


Germany: Solid UNIT Germany, the German construction sector association, has launched its climate advisory board. The board will advise on and jointly instigate initiatives together with the Solid UNIT Germany management board. Its membership comprises representatives from the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB), the Institute for Sustainable Construction in Germany (ARGE) and the Federal Chamber of Architects, along with members of parliament.

Solid UNIT Germany managing director Thomas Zawalski said "To cope with the Herculean task ahead of us, it is important to bundle experience. Faster CO2 reduction in the building sector is only possible through joint action by all stakeholders."