Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW623 / 30 August 2023

Headlines


The first half of 2023 has continued to be a tough period for the major China-based cement producers, with revenue and profits down for many. As CNBM put it, the sector is facing production overcapacity, weak demand, high inventory, low prices and declining profits. However, not every company has followed this trend, with a few such as Anhui Conch, Huaxin Cement and Tapai Group managing to hold operating income up and the latter somehow even managing to increase its net profit. The China Cement Association (CCA) in its financial coverage has memorably described these companies that have bucked the national picture as ‘dark horses.’

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports. Note: For CNBM, cement revenue shown only.

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports. Note: For CNBM, cement revenue shown only.

Graph 1 above summarises the situation for a selected group of cement producers. Anhui Conch avoided the fate of CNBM by managing to grow its non-cement revenue, specifically from aggregates and concrete. Yet it too was unble to avoid its net profit falling by 32% year-on-year to US$928m in the first half of 2023 from US$1.37bn in the same period in 2022. Huaxin Cement pulled off the same trick by raising its concrete and aggregates revenue domestically and by growing its overseas revenue. As well as its subsidiaries in Africa, the company also added Oman Cement to its portfolio, completing the acquisition of a majority stake in April 2023. The CCA has a wider roundup of how well the local cement companies have done.

Graph 2: Cement output in China, 2019 to first half of 2023. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China.

Graph 2: Cement output in China, 2019 to first half of 2023. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China.

Data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China suggests that the cement sector is stagnating rather than actively declining. This is an improvement of sorts from the decline in the first half of 2022, at least. Cement output in the first half of 2023 rose ever so slightly to 980Mt from 979Mt in the same period in 2022. On a rolling annual basis cement output has been gently falling below 1% each month since November 2022, although it rose by nearly 1% in March 2023.

The underlying problem for the Chinese cement sector remains the local real estate market. Developer Country Garden has been the latest company to warn of potential losses – of up to US$7.6bn – in the first half of 2023. It is also currently attempting to ask for more time to repay a bond. This follows the financial problems that Evergrande has faced since 2021. Financial analysts have been monitoring the situation for several years and warning of what a larger collapse in the sector could mean for the wider economy, such as the implications for the banks that hold the debts of the developers. Commentary by Goldman Sachs in August 2023, for example, suggested that the real estate sector needs to manage its inventory on a large scale, with over US$2Tn in liquidations, in order to restructure debts in the property sector. It estimated that the whole situation could reduce the country’s entire gross domestic product (GDP) by 1.5% in 2023, although this would be the trough of the downturn in its view.

Cement producers in China continue to be held hostage by the conditions in the real estate market and the effect this has in turn on demand for building materials. Yet all is not lost, as the examples of the CCA’s ‘dark horses’ show, buoyed by business diversification, overseas expansion or even regional differences. How much longer the rest of the other cement companies can cope in this environment remains to be seen. A less regulated market would certainly expect to see mergers and acquisitions taking place as the financial pressure mounts. China, for now at least, remains steadfastly different. With luck the real estate market may reach its lowest point in 2023 and a recovery could follow.


India: Dalmia Cement (Bharat) has appointed Puneet Dalmia as its managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO). He will succeed Mahendra Singhi in the role in December 2023. Singhi will remain working for the company as Director and Strategic Advisor to the MD and CEO to aid the transition process.

Puneet Dalmia has been the MD of Dalmia Cement (Bharat)’s parent company Dalmia Bharat since 2004. Prior to this co-founded JobsAhead.com in 1999, which was sold to Monster.com in 2004. Dalmia is also the chair of the Development Council for Cement Industry (DCCI), set up by the Government of India in June 2021. He holds a master of business administration (MBA) postgraduate degree from IIM-Bangalore and holds a bachelor of technology degree from IIT-Delhi.


Thailand: Siam Cement Group (SCG) has appointed Thammasak Sethaudom as its president and chief executive officer. He will succeed Roongrote Rangsiyopash, following his resignation, from January 2024. Thammasak has also been appointed as the president of Cementhai Holding Company. Surachai Nimlaor the president of SCG’s cement division will also be appointed to president of the division from the start of 2024.

Thammasak has worked for SCG for over 30 years in a variety of financial and investment positions, primarily in the chemicals business. Prior to this, he was the general director of Long Son Petrochemicals. He holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Chulalongkorn University, a master of business administration (MBA) postgraduate degree from the London Business School and has also attended Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Program.


Australia: Adbri recorded sales of US$599m during the first half of 2023, up by 14% year-on-year. Its net profit grew by 13%, to US$33.7m. The producer noted continued ‘solid’ demand, and traction on its price increases. It faced high capital requirements for its on-going upgrade of its Kwinana grinding plant to consolidate its Western Australian operations there. The company expects its second-half 2023 earnings to rise ‘moderately’ due to the effects of its cost discipline and price increases, as well as sustained levels of cement demand.


India: UltraTech Cement has awarded a contract to Vibrant Energy to build a 21.6MW wind farm in Maharashtra. The wind farm will provide energy for UltraTech Cement’s cement plants in the state.

Saur Energy has reported that Vibrant Energy chief executive officer Srinivasan Viswanathan, said “We are excited to partner with UltraTech and accelerate their green energy transition. This partnership marks a significant step towards a sustainable and carbon-neutral future. This will act as a catalyst for transforming not just the cement industry, but other energy-intensive industries as well.”


France: The French cement sector association, France Ciment, has called on the government to make ‘heavy investments’ in the industry amid its on-going transition to net zero CO2 cement production. It estimated the total cost of its transition, which will include carbon capture, at Euro3.5bn,according to Les Echos newspaper. The association said that producers currently benefit from the government’s partial price cap on electricity for industrial plants. It sought clarity as to whether the cap will remain in force beyond its scheduled limit in 2025. Lafarge France said that capped prices covered 50 – 60% of its electricity consumption in 2022.


Vietnam: State-owned Vicem Ha Tien has despatched its first shipment of cement to the US. The Vietnam government says that Vicem Ha Tien will continue to further diversify its markets.

Domestic-focused cement producers like Vicem Ha Tien have experienced increased competition in the past year due to a slowdown in the Chinese market.


Mexico: Construction activity grew by 29% year-on-year during the first half of 2023. Local press has reported that this is its sharpest increase since reporting began in 2006. Major infrastructure projects reportedly drove the growth. These include the Mayan Train, Isthmus Train and Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train railway projects and the Olmeca oil refinery project.

As a result, Cemex and GCCs’ share prices have been the fastest and seventh fastest growing respectively on the main index of the Mexican Stock Exchange.


China: CNBM’s sales from its cement businesses fell by 16% year-on-year to US$6.14bn in the first half of 2023 from US$7.34 in the same period in 2022. Its adjusted earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) dropped by 39% to US$991m from US$1.63bn. The group’s sales volumes of cement and clinker fell by 1% to 127Mt and 15% to 15.4Mt respectively. Sales volumes of concrete decreased by 10% to 35.6Mm3 from 39.5Mm3. Overall the group’s sales fell by 8% to US$14bn and its adjusted EBITDA by 27% to US$2.03bn.

The company said that its building materials division faced weakening demand, high inventory, low prices and declining profits. It noted that industry overcapacity remained high, despite supply-side structural changes, and that although the price of coal was declining it was insufficient to offset the fall in cement prices and profit in turn.


China: Anhui Conch grew its concrete and aggregate sales in the first half of 2023 to increase overall sales. Its revenue grew by 16% year-on-year to US$8.99bn in the first half of 2023 from US$7.73bn in the same period in 2022. However, its cement and clinker sales fell by 7% to US$6bn from US$6.46bn. Sales revenue fell in all of its domestic sales regions, although they rose overseas. By contrast, sales and trading of other products more than doubled to US$2.7bn. The group’s sales volumes of cement and clinker increased by 3% to 134Mt. Its total profit fell by 32% to US$928m from US$1.37bn.

In its interim results the company said that it had “actively responded to the complicated and difficult industry situation and strived to overcome the impact of unfavourable factors such as declining real estate investment, sluggish market demand and intensified industry competition.”


China: Tangshan Jidong Cement’s operating income fell by 14% year-on-year to US$1.99bn in the first half of 2023 from US$2.31bn in the same period in 2022. Its sales volumes of cement and clinker grew by 14% to 44Mt. However, it reported a loss of US$50.7m compared to a profit of US$157m previously. Its operating income fell in all regions domestically except the North-east of the country. The company noted that low cement prices had led to a decline in the profits of the cement sector.


Peru: Switzerland-based Maerz has received an order from UNACEM (Unión Andina de Cementos) to supply a 600t/day PFR lime kiln. The kiln will be built and operated jointly at Tarma by UNACEM and Mexico-based lime producer Calidra Group. UNACEM already runs its integrated Condorcocha cement plant in Tarma. The supplier says that the kiln will be ready to install future CO2 capture technologies due to airtight sealed charging and discharging systems. It will also save up to 20% of electrical energy compared to conventional rotary piston blowers by using high-pressure fans to provide the process air.

Planning is underway for the project and is expected to be completed by the end of 2023. Maerz’ scope of supply will include the petroleum coke firing system, skip winch, charging and discharging systems, high-pressure fans, hydraulic unit and control system. According to the schedule, commissioning should take place in the first half of 2025.


Canada: Heidelberg Materials says that its integrated Delta cement plant in British Columbia has switched to exclusively producing its EcoCem Portland limestone cement (PLC). EcoCem PLC is a Portland limestone cement that contains up to 15% limestone and generates approximately 10% less CO₂ compared to other Portland cements. It has equivalent performance to ASTM and CSA standards for Type I/II Portland cement in strength and durability, and can be used in any application where Portland cement Type I is normally used.

Prior to the full transition to PLC production, the plant had already taken steps to reduce its CO2 emissions by using alternative fuels. The Delta cement plant has been in operation since the 1970s.


Indonesia: Sweden-based Bruks Siwertell has received an order for two 10 000 S road-mobile ship unloaders for use in cement handling in Sumatra. The new road-mobile units are scheduled for delivery later in 2023 and will support a cement handling capacity of 300t/hr, discharging vessels up to 10,000dwt. Jörgen Ojeda, Bruks Siwertell’s Sales Director Mobile Unloaders, said that the two road-mobile models would add to a range of Siwertell screw-type dry bulk handling systems already delivered to the region including four large-scale Siwertell ship unloaders and one ship loader.


Japan: Sumitomo Osaka Cement has prepared a corporate human rights policy that recognises that respect for human rights is the foundation of competent management and a key part of the company’s awareness of social norms and corporate ethics. The policy acknowledges that the group’s business activities might have a direct or indirect negative impact on human rights through its business activities, and aims to reduce this. It aligns with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the International Bill of Human Rights and the International Labor Organization Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. The company will distribute the policy internally and share it with its business partners.


Norway: Heidelberg Materials Sement Norge set in place a 220t absorber unit at its Brevik cement plant on late August 2023. The unit will form part of the upcoming 400,000t/yr carbon capture and storage (CCS) installation at the site. It expects to complete the installation of the absorber unit within two weeks of its placement. In September 2023, Heidelberg Materials Sement Norge will proceed to install the system’s 100m-high absorber stack.

Brevik CCS operational manager Tor Gautestad said “The absorber is in many ways the heart of the carbon capture process, because it is where the flue gases are separated.”


India: The Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board conducted the public hearing for Meghalaya Cements’ planned expansion of its Meghalaya cement plant on 24 August 2023. The producer had already secured a no objection certificate (NOC) for the expansion, which will raise the plant’s capacity by 73% to 1.49Mt/yr. The Meghalaya Monitor newspaper has reported that around 150 protestors from the local community disrupted the hearing held at Thangskai in Jaintia Hills District. The crowd reportedly demonstrated against the lack of prior engagement with the neighbourhood. It also took objection with the company’s failure to hire half of plant staff locally, as it had previously committed to do.

Meghalaya Cements has apologised and suspended two employees for their conduct during the hearing. India Today NE News has reported that the two employees used ‘unparliamentary’ language.

Meghalaya Cements said “The company once again apologises to the local people due to the behaviour of our employees. We assure you that the company is committed to promoting peace, harmony and a conducive environment for the employees and the villagers associated with our company, and also assure you that no such untoward incident will happen in the future.”


Egypt: The Arab Union of Cement and Building Materials (AUCBM) has moved the location of its 26th Arab International Cement & Building Materials Conference and Exhibition (AICCE26) to Cairo in Egypt. The event will now take place on 15 - 17 January 2023. The event had previously been due to take place in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It has been moved due to a ‘situation’ outside of the AUCBM’s control.


US: Buzzi Unicem USA has challenged penalties worth US$62,500 and denied that it failed in its duty to protect an employee who died after falling into the Mississippi River while working on a barge at the Natchez terminal in Mississippi in February 2023. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cited multiple alleged safety violations by the Buzzi subsidiary in a report published in mid-August 2023.

Buzzi Unicem USA said “The company strongly contends that it did not violate the regulations set forth in the citations regarding personal floatation devices and guardrails, and therefore timely filed notice with OSHA that it is contesting the alleged violations contained in these citations (as well as certain aspects of the other citations).” It continued “The company objects to any characterisation by OSHA that the citations are a final determination that the company violated any OSHA regulation or caused the death of our valued employee.”


India: Solar power plant developer Oriana Power has received a US$4.2m order to supply a solar power plant to a cement producer in Rajasthan. The supplier says that it will build a 7MW ground-mounted array at the site of cement plant belonging to the producer. The engineering, procurement and construction will take until the end of January 2024.


Indonesia: The government’s Directorate General of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Textile Industries has written to industry associations, directing them to ensure that comprehensive emissions monitoring is carried out at all of their members’ plants. The Antara news agency has reported that the city of Jakarta is experiencing pollution levels at over eight times World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline levels. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry collected data from cement plants belonging to Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Jui Shin Indonesia and Solusi Bangun Indonesia, and found that they had not exceeded emissions thresholds.

Indonesia’s cement industry is primarily reliant on coal. The country is committed to a transition to 67% renewable energy by 2050. It is in the process of a 35GW national power capacity expansion, of which 20GW (57%) consists of coal-fired power plants.


Ireland: CRH recorded US$16.6m in consolidated sales during the first half of 2023, up by 8% year-on-year from first-half 2022 levels. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) totalled US$2.5bn, up by 14%. Throughout the half, CRH invested US$600m in acquisitions, and maintained a ‘robust’ pipeline of further opportunities. In its Americas business, cement sales were ‘robust.’ There, volumes rose by 5%, and prices rose by 17%, despite adverse weather in Texas and the Western US. Meanwhile, price rises successfully offset local volume declines in Europe, but failed to do so in the Philippines. CRH said that infrastructure projects in the Philippines are experiencing delays. In Ukraine, it said that construction activity increased in the first half of 2023, despite the continuing Russian invasion.

CEO Albert Manifold said "I am pleased to report a strong first half performance, reflecting the continued delivery of our differentiated strategy, further commercial progress across our businesses and good contributions from acquisitions. The strength of our balance sheet, together with our relentless focus on disciplined capital allocation, will enable us to invest in future growth and value creation opportunities for our business."


US: Peru-based UNACEM has entered into a definitive agreement with Martin Marietta Materials to acquire its Tehachapi cement plant in California. North Carolina-based Martin Marietta Materials reported the value of the deal as US$317m. The companies expect to close the deal in mid-late 2023.

Taiheiyo Cement subsidiary CalPortland previously terminated its deal to buy the Tehachapi plant, along with two local cement terminals, in April 2023. Japan-based Taiheiyo Cement said that the parties had been unable to obtain necessary approvals from the US Federal Trade Commission within a suitable timeframe.


Malaysia: Malayan Cement recorded consolidated sales of US$808m during the 2023 financial year, up by 39% year-on-year from US$583m in the previous financial year. Its net profit was US$34.2m, up by 90% from US$18m. The company partly attributed its sales growth to its incorporation of YTL Cement, which took place in the 2022 financial year on 21 September 2021. It also increased its cement sales volumes and prices.

Looking to the current, 2024 financial year, Malayan Cement said “Non-residential construction activities are expected to benefit from higher investments in manufacturing facilities, given the shift in global supply chains. Nonetheless, the group's optimism is tempered with caution, as inflation and higher interest rates may have a knock-on effect on cement demand.” It added “Our ability to deliver seamless solutions to customers will be optimised, boding well for the positive growth and outlook of the group and the industry going forward.”


Malaysia: Hume Cement Industries’ sales were US$218m in the 2023 financial year, up by 40% year-on-year from US$156m in the 2022 financial year. The producer increased its net profit by a factor of 19, to US$12.9m from US$672,000.


Japan: Tokuyama Corporation has installed ABB’s Expert Optimizer automated optimisation system in the kiln line of its Nanyo cement plant. The system controls the line’s calciner, kiln and cooler processes. The supplier says that the technology will reduce the Nanyo cement plant’s thermal energy consumption by 3%.

Tokuyama Corporation "We selected ABB's Expert Optimizer to equalise operations and improve operational efficiency. As expected, we have significantly reduced the number of the operator manual operations normally spent on manual tasks.” It added “We believe that this solution will also support our young operators in learning the know-how of our operations efficiently."


Brazil: Cimento Gaúcho has inaugurated its 400,000t/yr Montenegro grinding plant in Rio Grande do Sul. The producer invested US$20.4m in the facility, which will initially produce 100,000t/yr of cement. Besides the local market, Cimento Gaúcho also plans to supply cement from the Montenegro grinding plant to Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The El Pais newspaper has reported that the plant will create 30 direct jobs, and a further 120 indirect jobs.

Cimento Gaúcho is a joint venture of Hipermix and Uruguay-based Compañía Industrializadora de Minerales.


India: Bokaro Steel Plant has won granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) supply contracts with ACC and UltraTech Cement. Under the contracts, Bokaro Steel Plant expects to supply 1.3Mt of GBFS from its facilities in Jharkhand for use in cement production in the state. The Pioneer newspaper has reported that the contracts will run until August 2026.


US: Terra CO2 has performed a successful demonstration pour of its OPUS silicate-based supplementary cementitious material (SCM) at a construction site in Texas. Terra CO2 supplied the SCM to indiGO Auto Group for the construction of its Porsche Sugar Land car dealership in Houston. It says that the product delivers durability, strength and functionality on a par with other, traditional SCMs. Tonne-for-tonne, the use of OPUS reduces projects’ CO2 emissions by 70%, and their NOx emissions by 90%, compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC).

Terra CO2 CEO Bill Yearsley said "Our work at Terra CO2 is about forging a viable path for sustainable construction. We're set on creating a blueprint for the future where performance, cost-effectiveness and sustainability coexist seamlessly across projects. We're moving beyond the lab, beyond the processes that have held us back as an industry, and introducing a sustainable solution to real-world applications."


India: Adani Group recorded earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of US$2.85bn in the first quarter of the 2024 financial year, up by 42% year-on-year. The conglomerate’s cement business contributed an EBITDA of US$235m, up by 54% year-on-year. This represented 8.2% of the quarterly total. The group sold 15.4Mt of cement.

Financial Express Online News has reported that Adani Group said “The robust portfolio performance was primarily driven by the renewable power business under Adani Green, the infrastructure businesses under Adani Enterprises and the cement businesses under Adani Cement.”


US/Colombia: Colombia-based Cementos Argos is carrying out expansions to two cement plants in South Carolina and West Virginia. While not specifically named, these would appear to be the 1.1Mt/yr Harleyville and 1.8Mt/yr Martinsburg cement plants. The producer says that the expansions will increase its cement capacity in the eastern US by 450,000t/yr.

Additionally, Cementos Argos plans to expand the capacity of its Cartagena cement terminal in Colombia by 35% to 4Mt/yr. The producer says that this will serve as a platform for subsequent growth. It is targeting the US market, where an expansion is also underway at its import facility in Houston, Texas. The Cartagena terminal achieved its current capacity following a recent US$42m expansion.


Turkmenistan: State-owned Turkmencement has successfully carried out an upgrade to its 1Mt/yr Lebap cement plant at Koytendag. The upgrade involves the installation of a new 3000t/day kiln line, supplied by Germany-based thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions. The producer first announced the project in mid-2020, and ordered the new line in mid-2021.

In 2022, the Lebap cement plant produced 1.1Mt of cement, up by 11% year-on-year from 991,000t in 2021.


China: Xinjiang Tianshan Cement recorded a profit of US$19.5m during the first half of 2023, Reuters has reported. This corresponds to a 96% decline from first-half 2022 levels.


Mexico: Cemex Mexico subsitituted 36% of it cement fuel with alternative fuel (AF) in 2022. This exceeds the Mexican cement industry’s target for 2030, of 32%. Mexico Business News has reported that the producer used 1.05Mt of AF across its operations. This reduced its CO2 emissions by 1.8Mt, and prevented 850,000t of methane emissions from being generated in landfill. Cemex Mexico’s Huichapan cement plant in Hidalgo set the company record for the year, with 207,000t of AF co-processed in its cement production. It produced 3.2Mt of cement for the Bajio, Central, Central-North, Laguna and Southeast Mexico markets.

Sustainability Manager Carlos Medina said "Last year’s results motivate us to intensify our efforts and uphold good practices that benefit communities and the environment. We will keep promoting environmentally friendly solutions in all our operations, as we are convinced that all social actors must collaborate to lay the foundations for a better future."