Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW695 / 05 February 2025

Headlines


US President Donald Trump threatened tariffs on imports from Canada, China, Mexico and the European Union this week. Tariffs to Canada and Mexico were announced on 1 February 2025 and then paused for a month to allow for negotiations. Ones to China have been implemented. Tariffs to the European Union have been proposed but nothing has happened yet. What does this mean for the cement sector?

Graph 1: Imports of cement and clinker to the US. Source: USGS. Estimated data for 2024.  

Graph 1: Imports of cement and clinker to the US. Source: USGS. Estimated data for 2024.

The data suggests that whacking 25% tariffs on cement imports from Canada and Mexico would have an impact. The US imported 26.5Mt of cement and clinker in 2023. Based on United States Geological Survey (USGS) data from January to October 2024, imports in 2024 have fallen by 8% year-on-year but they still represent a large chunk of consumption. Türkiye has been the biggest source of imports over the last five years but Canada has been the second biggest supplier. Together with Mexico, it provided over a quarter of imports in 2023. A similar share is expected in 2024. Greece, a country in the EU, has also been present in the top five importing countries to the US during this time.

The Portland Cement Association (PCA) reinforced this view. In a carefully worded statement it took pains to point out alignment with the intentions behind the tariffs, such as appreciating that the administration was open to negotiation and appeared to be flexible. However, it warned that the moves could adversely affect energy and national security, delay infrastructure projects and raise costs. It pointed out the import share from Canada and Mexico, adding that this represented nearly 7% of the US’ cement consumption. It noted which states were the main entry points for cement imports from the two countries. Finally, it highlighted the high level of consumption (36%) that imports from Canada might account for in northern states such as New York, Washington and so on. Meanwhile, Mexico’s National Chamber of Cement (CANACEM) warned that the proposed actions might trigger a ‘competitiveness crisis’ in the US.

Holcim’s CEO, by contrast, nonchalantly told Reuters that he didn’t expect any impact by tariffs on his business. Miljan Gutovic described the group’s US operations as a local business with production happening in the country and equipment and spare parts all being sourced locally. This optimistic view is likely to be influenced by the company’s impending spin-off of its US business. The listing in the US remains scheduled for the first half of 2025 with no complications expected from tariffs.

Clearly, implementing tariffs on imports of cement and clinker from Canada and Mexico could cause a shortage in the US in the short term. This, in turn, could lead to higher prices for consumers in the US. This potential effect would be pronounced in border regions that are reliant on imports. It is worth noting that a number of production lines in both Mexico and Canada have previously been mobilised to meet the export market to the US. These lines would likely be mothballed if tariffs were to be implemented, unless they could find other markets. In the medium term though, as the World Cement Association (WCA) pointed out this week, the world produces too much cement. So it looks likely that the US cement market would adjust to a new equilibrium. Taxing imports from the EU would have a similar effect. Although it seems like it would be less pronounced for the US cement market unless it was in conjunction with tariffs to Canada and Mexico. It would certainly be bad news for cement producers in Greece.

Cement producers in the US look set to benefit from tariffs as demand for their products and prices could increase. There is a risk that too sudden a change to the import market could cause adverse market effects through shortages. Many of these companies are multinational groups with headquarters in foreign countries. However, the strength of the US market compared to elsewhere has prompted some of these businesses to become more ‘American’ through listing in the US or focusing merger and acquisition activity in North America.

At this point we’re stuck in a half-way house place where import tariffs have been threatened and negotiations are pending. The relatively muted stock market reaction to the tariffs and Trump’s swiftness in enacting pauses suggest that it is brinkmanship by the US administration. If this situation continues for any length of time then it will likely have an effect all of its own. In which case don’t expect any export-focused investment by cement companies in Canada and Mexico any time soon.


Egypt: Lafarge Egypt has appointed Khaled El Dokani as its CEO.

El Dokani has worked for Holcim group since 2004. He started his career with the building materials manufacturer as the chief financial officer of Lafarge Algeria. He became the Country Manager for Qatar in 2016. This was followed by Country CEO roles in Iraq, Nigeria and the GCC (UAE, Qatar & Oman). He holds a bachelor's degree in commerce and accounting from Alexandria University.


UAE: Lafarge UAE has appointed Ali Saad as its CEO.

Saad previously worked as the General Manager - UAE from 2023. He started his career working for Lafarge Canada. Financial management roles followed with Unisource Canada and Cemena in Bahrain before he joined Holcim group in 2010. He worked as the chief financial officer in Iraq and then held general management positions in Iraq, Jordan and the UAE. Saad is a graduate in finance and strategic management from McGill University in Canada. He also holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada.


UK: Material Evolution has appointed Nigel Shewring as its Director of Research and Development (R&D).

Shewring holds over 25 years of R&D experience in a global industrial coatings environment. He worked for AkzoNobel Powder Coatings from 2006 and then became the Group Director for R&D at Hempel in 2019. He holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the University of Durham and a PhD in material science from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK.

Material Evolution produces an 'ultra-low carbon' cement product called MevoCem. It commissioned its Mevo A1 Production Facility in Wrexham in 2024.


US: The Portland Cement Association (PCA) has issued a statement following the US government’s announcement of proposed 25% tariffs on imports of cement from Canada and Mexico. The association lauded President Donald Trump’s stated goal of protecting the US cement industry, while also calling for careful consideration of measures to be taken.

President and CEO Mike Ireland said “While the US cement industry agrees with the President’s objectives of bolstering American manufacturing, increasing border security, and advancing the country’s energy independence, the industry believes 25% tariffs on cement imported from Canada and Mexico could adversely affect energy and national security while delaying infrastructure projects and raising their costs.” Ireland continued “The availability of affordable cement and concrete is vital to meet our country’s infrastructure needs and for the oil and gas sector’s expansion. Mexico and Canada play a crucial role in stabilizing US supply, so we appreciate that the administration is open to negotiations and taking a flexible approach to implementing trade policy.”


Mexico: The Mexican National Chamber of Cement (CANACEM) has warned that the US government’s proposed reimposition of a 25% tariff on imports of cement from Mexico may trigger a ‘competitiveness crisis’ in the US, with dire consequences for North America as a whole. Mexico exported 1.5Mt of cement to the US in 2024. This corresponds to 7% of US cement imports and 1.4% of the country’s total consumption. The El Norte newspaper has reported that CANACEM sees the current situation as an opportunity for Mexican and US policymakers and stakeholders to increase their mutually beneficial initiatives, citing the example of a proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on a region-wide scale.

CANACEM president José María Barroso said "In addition to incentivising more sustainable production, this would promote greater integration and strengthen the regional market. The Mexican cement industry is ready to work with our government and our trade partners to find solutions that promote greater regional integration."


Vietnam: The General Department of Vietnam Customs recorded exports of cement and clinker of 29.7Mt in 2024, down by 5% year-on-year from 2023 levels. Producers and exporters generated US$1.14bn in revenues from the exports, down by 14% year-on-year.

Việt Nam News has reported that the Philippines topped the list of importers of Vietnamese cement, with 8.01Mt (27%), down by under 1%. Bangladesh imported 5.49Mt (19%), up by 11%, and Malaysia imported 1.68Mt (6%), down by 3%.


Indonesia: Indonesian Cement Association (ASI) chair Lilik Unggul Raharjo has called for a more ‘robust’ approach to production overcapacity in the cement sector. In a statement by the ASI he lobbied for the government to strengthen its ban on the construction of new plants, according to the Jakarta Post newspaper and Kontan. At present the moratorium applies to obtaining licences via the country’s integrated electronic licensing system (OSS). Lilik also requested a better legal framework to protect the industry.

The government says it is using the block on investment in new cement plants to support the local sector. Restrictions are in place for regions such as Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. However, the government is ‘open’ to new plants being built in areas that have no existing units including Papua and Maluku.

ASI data shows that cement sales reached 77Mt in 2024 with a capacity utilisation rate of 65%. Domestic sales fell by just under 1% year-on-year to 65Mt in 2024. Exports grew by 10% to 12Mt. The ASI expects domestic sales of cement to increase by up to 2% in 2025.


Germany: The German Cement Works Association (VDZ) has launched its new Cement Carbon Class (CCC) labelling system for cement. CCC labels inform customers of the embodied CO2 emissions of cement, with Classes A to D signifying 100 – 500kg CO₂/t. Meanwhile, those below 100kg CO₂/t will class as CCC Near Zero. The labels are currently available for cement producers to adopt on a voluntary basis.


India: Shiva Cement raised its sales to US$23.4m in the nine months of its 2025 financial year, up by 1% year-on-year from US$23.1m in the corresponding period in the 2024 financial year. Nonetheless, the company's net loss grew by 58% year-on-year, to US$10.2m.


Greece: Titan Cement Group says that it has accelerated its innovation strategy with new investments in cement-aligned start-ups. The producer has invested in AI-based industrial process optimiser developer Optimitive, in concrete design systems developer Concrete.ai, in demolition materials-based concrete developer C2CA Technology and in property technology investor Fifth Wall.


Zimbabwe: South Africa-based Robtek is working on a ‘refurbishment’ project at Khayah Cement’s integrated plant in Harare. The project work on the kiln includes replacing 10 planetary coolers, installing 23m of kiln shell sections and refurbishing eight support rollers. Work on the raw mill includes replacing trunnion bearings, overhauling raw mill bearings, upgrading the internal diaphragm and head wall liners and installing a new double-flap valve to replace the star feeder.


Canada: St Marys Cement, Votorantim Cimentos’ North American subsidiary, has ordered SpectraFlow Analytics’ Airslide analyser for its Bowmanville cement plant in Ontario. The analyser will replace the plant’s existing XRF Atline system installed at the back end of the plant’s 450t/hr raw materials mill. It will provide continuous one-minute sampling results, without the need to prepare samples separately. This in turn will facilitate real-time adjustments to the line’s additive weight feeders.

SpectraFlow Analytics says that its equipment will now be installed at plants across 30 countries globally.


US: Holcim’s CEO Miljan Gutovic says he does not expect any effects of proposed US tariffs upon his company. "I don't really see any impact, because our business is a local business (in the US)," said Gutovic in an interview with Reuters. "We are producing locally, we are sourcing the equipment, the spare parts locally, so how is this going to affect us? I do not see it." He added that the proposed tariffs were also unlikely to pose any problems to the group’s planned spin-off of its business in the US. The listing of its North America-based business is remains scheduled for the first half of 2025.

The US government proposed tariffs upon imported goods from Canada and Mexico in early February 2025 but these have been paused for one month. Tariffs on China are set to start on 4 February 2025. US President Donald Trump has also spoken about implementing tariffs on the EU.


Indonesia: A government scheme to build three millions houses per year is expected to boost demand for cement. Special envoy for climate change and energy, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, said that the country had secured financing from Qatar to construct four to six million housing units, according to Antara. An agreement has been secured with the UAE to build one million houses. Hashim also mentioned that countries including China, Türkiye, India and Singapore had expressed interest in investing. The government’s housing budget plan for 2025 is currently valued at around US$310m.


Pakistan: Thatta Cement’s has increased its cement dispatches in the first half of its financial year despite a general reduction in the local market. Its cement despatches grew by 12% year-on-year to 254,000t in the six months to 31 December 2024 from 226,000t in the same period in 2023. The company’s net sales rose by 23% year-on-year to US$13.9m in the six months to 31 December 2024 from US$11.3m in the same period in 2023. It attributed this to a “…substantial increase in the retention price.” Its profit after tax tripled to US$4m from US$1.3m.

The cement producer said that it installed a 5MW solar power plant during the reporting period. It also expects to complete a 4.8MW wind farm in early 2025. The company started operating a new pre-crushing system for its cement grinding mills, supplied by Sinoma-Liyang Heavy Machinery, in mid-January 2025.


India: The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) has praised the Indian government’s Union Budget 2025 – 2026 for its ‘sustained core focus’ on infrastructure, housing and sustainable development. United News of India has reported that the budget provides for interest-free loans for state governments’ infrastructure projects and additional funding for research and development.

The CMA said that this aligns with its own development goals, within which it envisions the cement sector playing a growing role in a ‘sustainable, resilient’ economy.


India: Kaushalya Logistics has started operations at a new depot in Bathnaha, Bihar, as part of its logistics services for ACC. This latest site brings the company's total operational locations to 90. It is its fourth depot under its so-called ‘CCFA model’ for the subsidiary of Adani Cement. Kaushalya Logistics transports cement and handles associated logistics on behalf of companies including Adani Cement and JK Cement. It aims to handle a volume of 3.6Mt/yr of cement as part of its current expansion plans.


Saudi Arabia: City Cement Company has signed an agreement with the National Electricity Transmission Company to build a 106MW transmission station at its Nisah plant. Mist News has reported that electricity transmitted via the station will supplant oil generators at the plant. Construction is scheduled for completion later in 2025.


US: Heidelberg Materials North America has signed a binding agreement with Giant Cement’s multiple minority shareholders to acquire the producer outright. Noticias Financieras News has reported that Heidelberg Materials North America will pay approximately US$600m for the business. Giant Cement is scheduled to fully shut its Thomaston, Maine, cement plant in early 2025.

Giant Cement belongs to Spain-based Cementos Portland Valderrivas, with a 45% stake, Mexico-based Cementos Fortaleza (41%) and Mexico-based Trituradora y Procesadora de Materiales Santa Anita (14%).


Zimbabwe: Khayah Cement has begun corporate rescue proceedings with appointed supervisor Grant Thornton (Zimbabwe). The Sunday News has reported that the company is in financial trouble following equipment failures affecting its vertical roller mill. Grant Thornton (Zimbabwe) has called a meeting of Khayah Cement’s stakeholders and creditors in Harare on 19 February 2025. The rescue process aims to remove the need for liquidation.

Khayah Cement switched over from integrated to grinding-only production in 2023.


Thailand: Siam Cement Group (SCG) has forecast a 5% year-on-year rise in its full-year revenues due to economic revival and the government’s current stimulus package. President and CEO Thammasak Sethaudom said that increased customer purchasing power in Vietnam will raise SCG’s local cement and building material sales

SCG’s additional focuses will be on entering the Australia and North America markets and developing its high value-added products segment.


Germany: The Carbon Management Allianz (CMA), an association of emissions-intensive industrial producers in Germany, including cement companies, has urged lawmakers to legislate a framework for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) in the country.

Energie & Management News has reported that CMA Chair Alexandra Decker said “Delays jeopardise investments. Regulatory clarity is urgently needed to scale these technologies and achieve the cement industry’s decarbonisation goal by 2039.”

Germany is due to elect a new parliament and government on 23 February 2025.


Vietnam: The general director of Vietnam Cement Industry Corporation (VICEM), Nguyen Thanh Tung, says that Vietnam will suffer continued cement overcapacity amid high production costs in 2025. Full-year production is forecast at 125Mt, 96% greater than an expected domestic demand of 63.5Mt. Việt Nam News has reported that Vietnam’s cement exports face an on-going investigation in Taiwan, and are already subject to anti-dumping duties in the Philippines.

VICEM aims to raise its domestic clinker sales volumes by 8% year-on-year to 18Mt, in order to generate sales of US$1.16bn. To this end, Tung urged the government to adopt cement reinforcement in roadbuilding, as well as lifting the export tax on cement.


US: Eagle Materials raised its sales in the first nine months of 2024, by under 1%, to US$1.79bn. Its profit also grew by under 1%, to US$569m. However, sales by its Heavy Materials Sector, which includes its cement, concrete and aggregates businesses, declined by 4% to US$352m. Cement revenue for the quarter was also down by 4% to US$295m, reflecting lower cement sales volume and increase in cement maintenance costs due to the planned outages at the company’s Oklahoma and Texas cement plants during the quarter. Cement sales volumes decreased by 7% to 1.7Mt.

President and CEO Michael Haack praised the company’s overall growth in the face of ‘ongoing adverse weather’ in the Midwest and Great Plains markets, which reportedly affected sales volume of the company’s cement business. He said “While the path to lower interest rates and improved home-buying affordability is less certain today, we remain optimistic about our businesses and our ability to execute on the opportunities in front of us. On the cement side, spending from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is still in the beginning phases, which should support multiple years of strong cement demand.”


Dominican Republic: Cementos Progreso Holdings has acquired Cemex’s operations in the Dominican Republic, as well as the company’s export business in Haiti. The deal was first announced in August 2024, and has now been completed, having met all legal requirements. The company said that it will retain the 500 existing staff, in order to continue ‘offering products and services of the highest quality.’ Cementos Progreso now operates in eight countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.


Mexico: GCC has reported a 0.2% increase in its 2024 consolidated net sales to US$1.36bn, whilst sales in the fourth quarter of the 2024 financial year declined by 1% to US$335m.

US operations showed strength, with 4% sales growth and 4.5% increase in concrete volumes in the fourth quarter. Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 6% to US$500m for 2024, with the fourth quarter showing 4% growth to US$122m.

CEO Enrique Escalante said "GCC delivered exceptional results once again in 2024. Despite navigating a challenging economic environment, we achieved record-breaking sales, EBITDA, margins and net income. These results underscore our team’s flexibility and agility to successfully execute our strategy. Looking ahead, we remain cautious about demand dynamics. The fundamentals of our business remain strong, especially in the US market where we generated more than 75% of our EBITDA.”


Japan/Australia: Mitsubishi UBE Cement Corporation (MUCC) has invested US$5m in cleantech firm MCi Carbon, becoming the fourth major Japanese investor alongside ITOCHU Corporation, Mizuho Bank and Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank.

The partnership includes a collaboration agreement focusing on mineral carbonation technology and a three-way memorandum of understanding with ITOCHU Corporation.

MUCC will utilise MCi's technology to decarbonise cement production in Japan through CO2 emissions abatement and development of low-carbon materials.

The investment supports the commissioning of MCi's 'Myrtle' mineral carbonation demonstration plant in Australia.


India: Shree Cement has reported that, in the third quarter of the 2025 financial year, its profit after tax fell by 72%, to US$22.4m, down from US$81m in the previous corresponding period. The company’s net consolidated total income declined by 12% year-on-year to US$540m, whilst sales volumes increased by 15% to 8.77Mt compared to the second quarter of the 2025 financial year. The company plans to commission its ongoing expansion projects in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh in the first quarter of the 2025-2026 financial year.


Global: The World Cement Association (WCA) projects a 22% decline in global cement demand by 2050. Price increases are expected to continue in European and North American markets, while significant market restructuring is already underway to address overcapacity in China and Japan. Multinational companies are scaling back cement business and focusing instead on North America, while cement production in Europe continues to decline due to strict CO₂ regulations and capacity reductions.

India's cement production has surpassed 200Mt/yr, with domestic firms strengthening their position as multinationals exit the market. Chinese producers are expanding their presence, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia.

WCA president Wei Rushan said “To remain both profitable and environmentally responsible, the cement industry must aim to reduce capacity by 50%, from 4.7Bnt/yr to 2.3Bnt/yr within the next decade. This requires focusing on modern, sustainable production units.”


India: Ambuja Cements has released its financial results for the third quarter of 2025. The company has reported consolidated net profit of US$244m crore for the third quarter of the 2025 financial year, up 157% from US$95.1m in the corresponding period of the previous year. Revenue rose 4.5% to US$971m, with cement sales volumes reaching a record 16.5Mt, marking 17% year-on-year growth.

The company's expansion plans target 104Mt/yr capacity by the fourth quarter of the 2025 financial year, rising to 118Mt/yr by the 2026 financial year and 140Mt/yr by the 2028 financial year.

A statement from the company said "This demand is expected to grow by 4-5% in the 2025 financial year, further supported by the infrastructure and housing budget. Ambuja Cements is well-positioned to benefit from these trends. The anticipated rebound in demand, supported by government initiatives, is likely to enhance cement sector performance in the coming quarters. Ambuja Cements will continue to grow at a faster pace than the industry."


Germany: Rock Tech Lithium has signed a memorandum of understanding with Schwenk Zement to utilise lithium production by-products from Rock Tech’s Guben converter for use in cement manufacturing at Schwenk's facilities. The primary objective of the partnership is to develop industrial applications for residues generated from Rock Tech's lithium-hydroxide production, specifically spodumene leach residues. During initial studies conducted by the Institute of Technologies and Economics of Lithium, the leach residues demonstrated potential as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for use in cement manufacturing, offering benefits such as reduced carbon emissions and cost savings.

The partnership aims to process up to 200,000t/yr of by-products by 2029, with Schwenk planning investments in drying, grinding and storage facilities for the leach residues.

Johann Trenkwalder, member of the management board of Schwenk Germany, said "Ensuring the future supply of sufficient quantities of high-quality cement grinding materials is of great strategic importance for Schwenk. The leached spodumene concentrate produced during the operation of the planned converter in Guben represents an interesting and regionally-available source of SCMs."


India: JK Cement has won a bid for 250Mt of limestone reserves in Lakhpat Punrajpur, Kutch, Gujarat, through a Request for Proposal from Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation. The reserves are expected to supply the company with raw materials for the next 40 years.

JK Cement Group president Amit Kothari said "This strategic partnership not only strengthens our resource base, but also highlights our focus on ensuring a steady supply of premium raw materials for high-quality cement production.”


Spain: Cement consumption in Spain rose by 3% in 2024 after two consecutive years of decline, reaching 14.9Mt, according to the latest data from Oficemen.

The figure represents an increase of 0.42Mt compared to 2023, though remains similar to 2021-2022 levels. Oficemen projects 5% growth for 2025.

Alan Svaiter, Oficemen chair, said "These figures confirm the positive progression in cement consumption during the second half of 2025, following a challenging start with negative numbers".

Consumption remained behind that of 2023 until October 2024, when it showed 1% growth, before reaching the final 3% year-end figure.