Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW697 / 19 February 2025

Headlines


Two news stories to note this week concerning climate legislation in eastern Asia. First, the Indonesian government announced plans to create a mandatory carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) for key industries including cement. Second, an initiative to set up a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) in Taiwan emerged.

The proposal in Indonesia has been expected by the local cement sector and the wider market. Back in November 2024 at the ASEAN Federation of Cement Manufacturers (AFCM) event, an Indonesian Cement Association (ASI) speaker said that a preparation period for carbon trading by industrial sectors was expected from 2025 to 2027 followed by an easing-in period and then full implementation from 2031 onwards. This latest announcement appears to confirm the planned roll-out of the country’s cap-and-trade system. So far the government has set up a carbon tax, a voluntary carbon trading scheme (IDX Carbon) and a mandatory carbon trading scheme for part of the power sector. Notably, the local carbon price for that last one is low compared to other schemes elsewhere around the world. In 2024 the World Bank reported a price of US$0.61/t of CO2. Since it only started in 2023 it is still early days yet though.

The new information confirms that the cement, fertiliser, steel and paper industries will be added to the mandatory emissions trading scheme. As per other cap-and-trade schemes, low emitters should be able to sell spare credits. However, comments made by Apit Pria Nugraha, Head of the Center for Green Industry, Ministry of Industry, at a recent trade event in Jakarta suggested that companies that emit more than their allowance would have to pay a 5% levy on the excess and buy credits for the rest. This seems to be different from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, where companies are fined only if they go above their allowance and they do not buy sufficient credits to cover themselves. However, we’ll have to wait to confirm this and other details.

Meanwhile in Taiwan, Peng Chi-ming, the Minister of Environment, announced that a bill establishing a local CBAM could be prepared in the second half of 2025. What is telling though is how the local press coverage of this story framed the trade policy aspects of such a scheme. Peng questioned how the EU CBAM might fare in response to the protectionist and pro-tariff administration in the US. He also noted that importers of cement and steel didn’t have to disclose their carbon emissions compared to local producers. Vietnam, unsurprisingly, was singled out as a likely target of a CBAM given that one third of Taiwan’s imports of cement come from there. Lastly, Peng also said that Taiwan would have to apply to the World Trade Organization for approval if or when it did set up its own CBAM.

Taiwan introduced a carbon tax at the start of 2025 with a standard price of US$9.16/t of CO2 and lower prices for companies using approved reduction plans or meeting technology benchmarks. Research by Reccessary indicated that Taiwan Cement might face a carbon tax bill of US$41m and Asia Cement could be looking at US$28m based on 2023 data. These additional costs will increase operating costs and reduce profits.

All of this may sound familiar because it has already happened in Europe. Some form of carbon trading or taxation is introduced and then the debate moves on to carbon leakage via imports. The cement industries in Indonesia and Taiwan are unlikely to be aggravated directly by the EU CBAM but the wider economies of both countries are reacting to secure access to export markets. This, in turn, has implications for a heavy CO2-emitting sector like cement. For example, if a CBAM isn’t already being considered in Indonesia, local heavy industry is likely to start lobbying for one, if the new ETS starts affecting import rates.

The Minister of Environment in Taiwan and others before him have identified that climate policies can be protectionist. As more countries regulate local carbon emissions, more trade disputes look likely. The big one right now might be the growing argument between the US Trump administration and the EU. Yet, every time a country sets up a new carbon scheme, a potential new argument over trade is brewing. And cement producers in Indonesia, Taiwan and everywhere else are stuck in the middle of all of this.


Egypt: Sinai Cement has appointed Wael Abdrabbou as Head of Finance.

Abdrabbou has worked in financial management roles at the subsidiary of France-based Vicat since 2020. Before this he held accounting roles for the bags unit of Lafarge Egypt from 2004. He eventually became the division’s Chief Accountant from 2014 to 2020. Abdrabbou holds an accounting degree from Mansoura University and a master of business administration from the Arab Academy For Banking And Financial Science.


Türkiye: Medcem Cement has appointed Emre Karabulut as Group Manager of Information Technologies and Digitalisation. He has worked in information management roles at Medcem Cement for over a decade. Prior to this he held software engineering positions with chemicals manufacturer Organik Kimya and various software companies.


France: Vicat recorded consolidated sales of €3.9bn, a year-on-year decrease of 1%, in 2024. It cited negative exchange rates, including for the Turkish Lira and Egyptian Pound. €1.16bn in sales came from its operations in France and €1bn from its US operations. It also reported earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of €783m, up by 6% year-on-year. Its Cement business underwent a 3% decline in volumes during the year, driven by declines in France and India. Demand in France reportedly reached a 25-year low. The company noted an increase in the use of alternative fuels to 36% and has set itself the target of lowering its direct specific emissions to 497kg of CO2 per tonne of cement equivalent and to 430kg CO2 per tonne of cement equivalent in Europe by 2030. At the end of 2024, these figures stood at 576kg and 497kg respectively.

At the end of 2024, the Group's financial structure remains ‘solid,’ with net debt down by €185m over 2024. In 2025, it will aim for an increase in sales on a like-for-like basis and ‘low single-digit’ EBITDA growth.

Guy Sidos, chair and CEO of Vicat, said "In a deteriorated environment in Europe, the group has delivered historic results. We have witnessed strong growth in the US and progress in the Mediterranean region. I am confident that 2025 will be another successful year for Vicat, thanks to continued momentum in the US, stabilisation in Europe and the first contribution from our investment in Senegal.”


Türkiye: Titan Cement has agreed to sell its 75% stake in Adocim Cimento Beton to Mugla Cimento (50%) and Yurt Cimento (25%) for US$87.5m. The assets include a cement plant, terminal and related infrastructure in eastern Türkiye.

The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2025, subject to regulatory approval. Titan Cement will retain its grinding and supplementary cementitious materials assets in other parts of the country.


New Zealand: Fletcher Building has reported its financial results for the first half of its 2025 financial year, which began on 1 July 2024. The group recorded sales of US$2.05bn, down by 7% year-on-year from US$2.21bn, and negative earnings before interest and taxation (EBIT) at a loss of US$14.9m. It previously recorded a positive EBIT of US$44.1m in the corresponding first half of its 2024 financial year.


Europe: Sweden-based SaltX has signed a letter of intent with German engineering firm thyssenkrupp Polysius to collaborate on establishing 100% electric cement production facilities in Europe. The facilities will combine SaltX’s electric arc calciner (EAC) technology with thyssenkrupp Polysius’ material handling solutions.

CEO of SaltX Lina Jorheden said "Strong partnerships are essential for us to effectively implement our technology and reduce millions of tonnes of CO2 emissions from the industrial sector. Our collaboration with thyssenkrupp Polysius is crucial for developing complementary systems to the EAC technology and building electrified facilities for our customers."


Spain: Cement consumption rose by 8% year-on-year to 1.13Mt in January 2025, according to the latest statistics from Oficemen. Consumption grew by 4% year-on-year to nearly 15Mt in the 12 months to January 2025. Exports increased by 12% year-on-year to 323,000t in January 2025, but fell by 5% year-on-year during the 12-month period.

General director Aniceto Zaragoza said "In this regard, we are cautiously observing the evolution of US tariff measures, as it is the fourth destination for Spanish cement exports, with 11% of the total. However, we are confident that sales to the intra-community market, in which Spain maintains a leading position, will remain stable."


Sweden: Heidelberg Materials has successfully operated a 300kW plasma-heated cement kiln at its Slite cement plant, which it claims is the first of its kind. The producer has achieved 54 hours of continuous operation, with 60% CO₂ concentration in the flue gas. The aim is to reach 99%.

The kiln is part of the ELECTRA project, which aims to replace traditional combustion processes with electricity-based solutions, like plasma. The project consists of 17 partners from 8 countries.

Project manager Bodil Wilhelmsson said "It looks very promising. We started the tests at the end of last year and can now say with certainty that this is the right way to go: we will be able to produce clinker with plasma."

Fuel-related CO₂ emissions from cement production are eliminated because no fuel needs to be used in the production process. Instead, CO₂ is heated to over 5000°C, where it becomes a plasma jet that heats the material in the kiln.

Wilhelmsson added "The absence of fuel in the process means that there is no ash in the product. This means that a parameter that could affect the quality of the product if it fluctuates is no longer considered. So, it looks like the quality of the clinker can actually be slightly higher in this process."

Heidelberg Materials plans to build a 1MW kiln in Skövde cement plant in 2026, where further tests will continue.


Nigeria: The Lagos State government has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Lafarge Africa for the collection of non-recyclable combustible waste from across the state and landfill sites for conversion into alternative fuel at Lafarge’s Ewekoro plant.

Lafarge Africa CEO Lolu Alade-Akinyemi said “We have successfully deployed waste-to-energy solutions globally, and today, we are extending that expertise to Lagos.”


Taiwan: The government will draft carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) legislation in the second half of 2024 ‘at the earliest’, according to the Taipei Times. The measure will follow the EU's CBAM implementation in 2026, with official guidelines expected to be issued by July or August 2025.

Domestic cement and steel producers have reportedly complained to the Ministry of Environment that competing importers are not required to disclose their emissions. Subsequently, the Ministry is preparing a list of importers to be regulated. According to the Minister of Environment, Peng Chi-Ming, Taiwan imports about one-third of its cement from Vietnam, which would be subject to CBAM regulations.

The legislation will align with corresponding EU regulations and complement carbon fees for domestic producers introduced in 2024.


Uzbekistan: Cement companies in Uzbekistan produced 16Mt of cement in 2024, according to data from the national Statistics Agency. This represents a 34% year-on-year increase from 2023, when companies produced 11.9Mt.


India: Star Cement has successfully commissioned a 7MW air-quenched cooler waste heat boiler at its newly operational cement plant in Lumshnong, Meghalaya. increases the plant’s total waste heat recovery (WHR) capacity to 19MW. The WHR project aims to improve operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact.


Ethiopia: Dangote Cement will invest US$400m to restart the second production line at its Mugher cement plant, doubling the capacity to 5Mt/yr. The plant became operational in 2015, but has since faced challenges, including recurrent violence in the region, according to Bloomberg.

Aliko Dangote said that the expansion project is expected to be operational ‘within the next 30 months’.


Spain: Molins and Enagás have formalised an agreement to promote their Mosusol netCO2 carbon capture and storage (CCS) project for EU Innovation Fund backing. The project will capture 1Mt/yr of CO₂ at Molins’ cement plant in Sant Vicenç dels Horts, near Barcelona, to be transported by Enagás for storage. The project will cost an estimated €590m.

Molins CEO Marcos Cela said "The Mosusol netCO2 Project is an example of our firm commitment to the decarbonisation of the construction sector. Our goal is to achieve carbon neutrality at our Sant Vicenç dels Horts plant by 2031."


India: UltraTech Cement has commissioned 0.6Mt/yr of new cement grinding capacity at its Karur grinding plant in Tamil Nadu. The expansion follows the commissioning of a 2.7Mt/yr greenfield grinding unit at the site in April 2024. The plant's total capacity is now 3.3Mt/yr. The additional capacity will reportedly help UltraTech to meet the rising demand for composite cement in South India and improve its blended cement ratio.

The producer's domestic grey cement capacity now stands at 167Mt/yr and its global capacity at 172Mt/yr.


Indonesia: The Ministry of Industry will introduce mandatory emissions limits for cement producers, as well as for those in the fertiliser, paper and steel industries. Companies will be encouraged to participate in carbon emissions trading.

Apit Pria Nugra, head of the Green Industry Centre at the Ministry, said that companies could receive compensation for emissions below the limit, but that they would need to purchase carbon credits from other companies if they exceed the limit.

The government will subsequently extend the emissions trading scheme to five additional sectors.


China: China Resources Building Materials Technology expects its full-year profit to have dropped by 62 – 72% year-on-year in 2024, Reuters has reported. This would correspond to a gross profit of US$579 – 786m, compared to US$2.07bn in 2023. The producer attributed the anticipated decline to ‘lower gross margins’ in its various businesses.


Japan: Sumitomo Osaka Cement's sales declined by 0.8% year-on-year to US$1.09bn in the first nine months of the 2025 financial year. Nonetheless, the producer succeeded in raising its pre-tax profit, by 16%, to US$44.9m. The company forecasts full-year sales of US$1.47bn (up by 0.6%) and profit of US$54.4m (down by 2%), maintaining previous estimates.


US: Eco Material Technologies has secured a US$800m green term loan facility. The facility will mature in 2032. Eco Material Technologies will invest the funds in expansion to its supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) production capacities, to raise them to 20Mt/yr.

The company noted the oversubscription of the raise as demonstrative of high confidence in its proposition for the decarbonisation of cement and concrete.


Taiwan: Asia Cement Corporation (ACC) has published its inaugural Nature-Related Financial Disclosures Report for 2025. The report adopts the Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures’ framework to evaluate the nature-related impacts of ACC’s operations. It already publishes an annual Climate-Related Financial Disclosures Report.

Since 2020, ACC has invested US$21.5m initiatives aimed at promoting nature, including its successful rehabilitation of golden birdwing butterflies.


India: Shree Cement has signed a memorandum of understanding with the government of Karnataka to invest nearly US$1bn in cement manufacturing facilities over the next five years. The producer will build a cement plant in the city of Kalaburagi, with 3.5Mt/yr of clinker capacity and 3Mt/yr of cement capacity, for US$288m. The plant will create 300 jobs and start production in 2025.

Shree Cement will build a second plant nearby, in the Kalaburagi district. The plant will have a clinker capacity of 3.5Mt/yr and an eventual cement capacity of 6Mt/yr, to be commissioned in two phases. It will create 750 jobs and cost US$575m. Commissioning is scheduled for 2030.

The last project planned is for a clinker grinding plant in the district of Bangalore Rural, with a capacity of 3Mt/yr and a cost of US$98m. The facility will create 250 jobs and begin production in 2028.

Shree Cement has stated that it is ‘committed to sustainable development’ and will ‘incorporate advanced technologies to ensure environmentally friendly operations.’


Oman: Raysut Cement has signed a memorandum of cooperation with Oman Environmental Services Holding Company (Be'ah) and Germany-based MVW Lechtenberg and Partner to explore the feasibility of producing refuse-derived fuel. The project aims to promote alternative fuel use in heavy industries, reduce waste and support Oman's environmental sustainability goals.

CEO of Raysut Cement, Hilal bin Saif al Dhamri, said "This project underscores the partnership between Be'ah and Raysut Cement in advancing the circular economy and supporting Oman's efforts to achieve carbon neutrality."


Cuba: Cement production fell to 258,000t in 2024, representing only 10% of the country’s installed capacity, according to the OSDE Group of Business Construction Materials. President Reynolds Ramírez Vigaud attributed the decline to energy shortages amid national financial challenges.

The sector's problems date back to 2017, according to CiberCuba, when capacity utilisation was 58%. Despite initiatives such as the first ‘eco-friendly’ cement production in 2018 and the reopening of the Sancti Spíritus cement plant in 2022, the industry has faced logistical issues and plant shutdowns. This has a knock-on effect on the government’s annual housing plan and the inability to meet domestic demand for cement. The government is also prioritising the export of cement to obtain foreign currency, worsening shortages and increasing prices.

New cement plants at Nuevitas and Santiago de Cuba will begin production in 2025.


India: Titan Cement Group has entered the South Asian market through a joint venture with India-based supplementary cementitious materials producer JAYCEE. The producer will hold a majority stake in the new company Atlas EcoSolutions. The venture will source, process, market and distribute supplementary cementitious materials globally in order to help its customers build sustainable construction projects using alternatives to clinker-based cement.

Head of supply chain and energy development Jean-Philippe Benard said "This joint venture aligns perfectly with our strategy to remain at the forefront of low-carbon building materials and highlights our unwavering commitment to sustainability and innovation. Entering the South Asian market positions us in a region with vast potential, both in market demand and sustainability impact. Securing long-term access to SCMs provides Titan Group a key alternative for strategically diversifying its portfolio with new low-carbon cements."


Egypt: Arabian Cement Company (ACC) has signed a €25m loan agreement with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The loan will be used to assist the company’s decarbonisation efforts. It will finance the company’s alternative fuel capacity expansion and automation of its facilities. The company will also acquire and install a hydrogen injection system at its Ain Sokhna cement plant. This will reduce CO₂ emissions by 130,000t/yr.

CEO of Arabian Cement, Sergio Alcantarilla, said "This agreement with EBRD is a key milestone in ACC's sustainability journey, supporting our transition to cleaner technologies. The integration of the hydrogen injection at our Ain Sokhna plant will enhance operational efficiency and significantly reduce our carbon footprint."