Figure 1: Slurry oil tank.

The global demand for alternative fuels continues to increase and diversify. Cement companies are under increased scrutiny to deliver high quality products in a safe environment, while continuing to increase their efficiencies. The need to reduce kiln operating fuel costs therefore remain one of the largest goals for cement producers. Traditionally this has involved solid wastes, particularly from municipal sources. Here, however, Ted T Reese of Cadence Environmental Energy highlights the potential to use wastes from the oil refining industry as alternative fuels for cement production.

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The Ghori I cement plant was commissioned in 1959 by the Afghan Government. It is some 200km North of the capital city, Kabul, near the Pol-e-Khomri District, Baghlan Province.

Griffin Capital was appointed by a Kazakh resource developer to advise on a tender to the Afghanistan's MoM for the US$300m Ghori III greenfield cement plant project. The developer achieved pre-qualification short list approval in 2014, following a secure site inspection at the Ghori I and II plants that was arranged by Griffin Capital with the US Secretary of Defence's Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO) and the USGS.1 Griffin Capital's Robert Jutson agreed to provide an overview of the existing cement operations at the Ghori site, the cement industry in Afghanistan and its outlook.

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The famous sight of the Palace of Westminster (left) and Elizabeth Tower (right), more commonly known as the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben.

With the UK economy no longer the concern it has been in recent years, the focus of interest in the UK cement industry in 2014 and 2015 has been on the repercussions of the LafargeHolcim tie-up on the structure of industry, as well as the steadily increasing level of long-deferred investment. Here Edwin Trout of the Cement Industry Suppliers' Forum (CISF) looks at these and other aspects, including company performance, investment and fuels.

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The Oman Cement Company factory near Muscat, has three kiln lines and a cement production capacity of 2.7Mt/yr

Oman Cement Company (OCC) was established in 1977 to produce cement for the development of Oman. Located near the capital Muscat, the company’s cement plant was commissioned in 1983 with a single 2000t/day Polysius line. Following the addition of further production lines in 1997 and 2011 and an upgrade to the original line in 2014, the plant now boasts 9000t/day (~2.7Mt/yr) of cement production capacity. Global Cement recently visited the plant, spoke with key members of staff and saw how the plant is equipping itself for the years to come.

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Istanbul is home to one of Turkey's most recognisable UNESCO World Heritage sites, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (also known as the Blue Mosque).

The Republic of Turkey, which is divided into 81 provinces that are grouped in seven regions, spans 783,562km2 in western Asia and southeast Europe. Turkey's estimated 2014 population of 82 million is ruled by a president and a prime minister in a democratic constitutional republic. The EU-Turkey Customs Union has led to extensive liberalisation of tariff rates, making Turkey a major trader with European countries like Germany and the UK. Turkey also started full EU membership negotiations with the European Union (EU) in 2005. Turkey's cement industry is one of the largest in the world. Here, Global Cement provides an industry overview, including Turkey's top producers, recent cement sector events and its outlook.

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