Displaying items by tag: GCW704

President Trump said he was going to do it… and he did. The US announced tariffs on most imports on 2 April 2025 that took effect from 5 April 2025. So, once again, we ask what the consequences of this might be upon the cement sector.

Table 1: Estimated burden of US tariffs on selected countries importing cement based on 2024 data. Source: Based on USGS data.

Global Cement Magazine Editorial Director Robert McCaffrey posted a similar table to the one above on LinkedIn on 4 April 2025. It applies the new import tariffs to the value of imported hydraulic cement and clinker to the US in 2024 as reported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). As such it gives us a starting idea of how the new tariffs might change what happens in 2025. For an idea of the volumes of cement imported to the US in recent years refer to the graph in GCW695.

However, a couple of key caveats were pointed out by commentators to that LinkedIn post. Marty Ozinga noted that the values from the USGS are customs values. Crucially, he said that the tariffs will be charged upon the FOB value of cement at the point of origin and not on the transport costs. This is significant because the cost of moving the cement can sometimes be more than half the total values reported in the table for certain countries. Another commentator wanted to make it clear that tariffs on imports are imposed upon the supply chain and are paid somewhere along it, typically by end users, rather than the originating country. Elsewhere, the feeling was very much one of waiting to see what would happen next and how markets would reorder.

Taken at face value, the first takeaway from Table 1 is that the variable tariffs disrupt the competitiveness of the importers. Any importer from a country with the lowest rate, 10%, now has an advantage over those with higher ones. Türkiye seems to be the obvious winner here as it was both the largest importer of cement in 2024 and it has the lowest rate. Vietnam appears to be a loser with a massive 46% rate. Canada and Mexico may have problems with a 25% tariff but how their cement gets to the US market may make a big difference as Ozinga mentions above. And so it goes down the list. What may be significant is how the order of the importers further down the list changes. For example, Algeria has a 30% rate compared to Egypt’s 10%. Both nations exported a similar volume of cement to the US in 2024.

The first casualty of the last week has been market certainty. The US announced the tariffs and stock markets slumped around the world. They started to revive on 8 April 2025 as the US government made more reassuring noises about trade talks but this was dampened by renewed fears of a US - China trade war. The orthodox economic view is that the US tariffs are increasingly likely to cause a recession in the US in the short term regardless of whether they have a more positive effect on the longer one. This view can be detected in former PCA economist Ed Sullivan’s latest independent report on the US economy. He acknowledged the fairness argument the US government has made, but warned of stagflation.

On the US construction market, prices look set to rise in areas that previously relied on imports or are near to them. Cement companies in the US should be able to sell higher volumes as some level of domestic production outcompetes imports. The sector produced 86Mt in 2024 and has a capacity of 120Mt/yr giving it a utilisation rate of 72%. It imported 20 - 25Mt of cement in 2024. One sign of this happening might be renewed investment in local capacity through upgrades, new lines and even new plants. However, a recession would reduce overall consumption. On the equipment side, there is likely to be a similar readjustment between local and foreign suppliers. Certainly, if the tariffs stick around then more non-US companies may be tempted to set up local subsidiaries and /or manufacturing bases if conditions permit. For example, note JCB’s doubling in size this week of a plant it is building in Texas. One interesting situation might occur if a US cement company wants to build a new production line. All the likely suppliers, at present at least, appear to be based outside of the US.

Finally, despite everything, Holcim declared this week that it had completed a $3.4bn bond offering ahead of the impending spin-off of Amrize in the US noting “strong investor interest in the future company.” It wants to shore-up confidence ahead of the creation of the new company at some point in the first half of the year. Holcim’s CEO said previously that he didn’t expect any blowback from tariffs as the company was a local business in the US. What may be worth watching for is whether the current disruption to stock markets causes any delays to the creation of Amrize.

The current situation with the tariffs is prompting a rapid-revaluation of the US construction market and the wider economy. US-based building materials companies look set to benefit but there may be disruption along the way. Foreign companies supplying the sector may well experience sharp changes in circumstances depending on how tariffs reorder supply chains. Prices for end-users look set to rise. We live in interesting times.

For Ed Sullivan’s take on the US cement sector read his article in the May 2025 issue of Global Cement Magazine

Türkiye: OYAK Çimento has appointed Turhan Erkayiram as the Plant Director of the Bolu cement plant.

Erkayiram previously worked as the plant manager of the İskenderun plant. Before this he held production manager roles with the company. Earlier in his career he worked for Vicat Group Türkiye, Limak Group and Aşkale Cement. He is a graduate in chemical engineering from Atatürk University.

UK: Heidelberg Materials UK has secured planning permission to build a carbon capture plant at its Padeswood cement works in north Wales. The facility will capture up to 800,000t/yr of CO₂ for storage via the HyNet North West pipeline under Liverpool Bay.

The project is expected to create around 50 new full-time jobs, and up to 500 additional jobs during construction. Once operational, the Padeswood facility will capture ‘almost all’ of the CO₂ produced at the cement works and enable the production of evoZero cement by 2029.

Spain: Holcim, IGNIS P2X and Exolum have launched Eco2fly, a project to convert industrial CO₂ emissions into sustainable aviation fuel at Holcim’s Villaluenga de la Sagra plant in Toledo. The facility will capture over 700,000t/yr of CO₂ from the plant’s cement production process and convert it into 100,000t/yr of sustainable aviation fuel using ‘green’ hydrogen. The remaining CO₂ will be stored in geological repositories. Over its first 10 years, the project will reportedly avoid more than 6.5Mt of CO₂ emissions.

Sweden: Cemvision and S:t Eriks have entered into a partnership agreement as a result of several pilot projects using Cemvision’s cement in S:t Eriks’ production. The partners have signed a letter of intent to develop and implement sustainable concrete solutions within water and sewage infrastructure. Having already tested Cemvision’s cement in its own production, S:t Eriks will then implement the cement in commercial projects. The product reportedly offers high resistance to sulphate and acid attacks, which contribute to longer service life.

In the coming months, Cemvision and S:t Eriks will continue testing to explore the potential for broader implementation of the cement in water and sewage systems.

Kenya: Cement sales fell by 8% year-on-year to 8.47Mt in 2024, the sharpest annual decline in over two decades, according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). The fall reflects budgetary cuts on public infrastructure projects and a broader slowdown in construction activity, which contracted by 3% in the third quarter of 2024, following a 2% drop in the second quarter.

KNBS said in its report “The contraction was reflected by trends in key industry indicators. For instance, cement consumption declined by 10% to 2.2Mt in the third quarter of 2024, from 2.4Mt in the same quarter of 2023.”

According to the Nation newspaper, the slowdown follows delays in the government’s payments to contractors and the stalling of infrastructure projects. The government indicated that most of the stalled projects will begin to receive funding in the next few days and weeks.

Vietnam: Cement production rose by 4% year-on-year to 36.9Mt in the first quarter of 2025, according to the General Statistics Office. In March 2025, output reached 14.4Mt, up by 1.5% year-on-year. In 2024, the country produced 184.2Mt, an increase of 3.5% year-on-year.

Kazakhstan: Steppe Cement sold 0.28Mt of cement and generated US$12.5m in the first quarter of 2025, up by 57% in volume and 71% in revenue year-on-year. Clinker production rose by 14%, positioning the company ‘favourably’ for the upcoming busier summer months.

Kazakhstan’s cement sales rose by 20% to 2.03Mt in the quarter, while exports fell by 5% and imports, particularly from Uzbekistan and Russia, rose to account for 9% of the market.

Steppe Cement maintained a conservative outlook for the rest of 2025, citing rising inflation and ‘global developments’ as potential challenges, but expects market demand to remain around 12Mt, similar to 2024.

India: The Mumbai bench of the National Company Law Tribunal has approved Nuvoco Vistas’ US$209m acquisition of Vadraj Cement. The deal will raise Nuvoco’s installed capacity by over 20% to around 31Mt/yr. It will be executed through wholly-owned subsidiary Vanya Corporation, which will be merged with Vadraj Cement as part of the deal.

Nuvoco Vistas will invest a further US$139m over 15 to 18 months to revive Vadraj Cement’s operations, which have reportedly been stalled for ‘nearly seven years’, and begin production by the end of 2026. Vadraj Cement’s assets include a 3.5Mt/yr clinker unit in Kutch and a 6Mt/yr grinding unit in Surat, Gujarat.

Argentina: Cement despatches in the first three months of 2025 reached 2.3Mt, up by 11% from the same period in 2024. In March 2025, despatches rose by 17% year-on-year and by 1% month-on-month from 0.63Mt and 0.73Mt respectively. The country exported 7791t of cement in March 2025, bringing the year-to-date total for exports to 24,971t. Argentina imported 61t in March 2025 and 618t so far in 2025.