Displaying items by tag: Algeria

Algeria: Amouda Cement plans to start exporting cement to the European Union (EU) by end of 2023. It obtained a certificate of conformity to EU standards in March 2023, according to the Algeria Press Service. Djarmoun Fatimé, the cement producer’s Marketing and Communications Director, made the announcement at the Batiwest 2023 trade show taking place in Oran. The company has exported nearly 200,000t of cement and clinker to Mali and Niger since 2021. It is also hoping to target countries in West Africa such as Mauritania and Senegal.

The company operates a 2.5Mt/yr integrated cement plant with two production lines at El Beïda in Laghouat province.

Algeria: The Chlef Cement and Derivatives Company, a subsidiary of GICA, has obtained the certificate of conformity to European standards (CE) for its GICA-Béton CEM I 42.5R cement product. It adds the CE mark to four other types of cement that already hold the same conformity certification, according to L’Expression newspaper. GICA- Béton CEM I 42.5.R is a high-performance Portland cement for concrete with rapid short-term strength, intended for cold areas, particularly in harsh winters, a season during which the formwork stripping period must be short. Its two day compressive strength is 20MPa.

The European Union (EU) carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) started its transitional phase this week ahead of the full adoption of the scheme in 2026. Importers of goods with a high carbon cost, including cement, will have to report the direct and indirect CO₂ emissions associated with production. No financial penalty will be incurred during the transition period, but from 2026 onwards importers will have to start buying certificates at the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS) price. However, even the full version of the CBAM will be phased in with the cost of embedded emissions increased gradually from 2026 to 2034. Readers can catch up on the CBAM guidance for importers here.

Graph 1: Sources of cement and clinker imports to the EU in H1 2023. Source: Eurostat/Cembureau.

Global Cement Weekly has covered the EU CBAM frequently, but it is worth remembering which countries are most likely to be affected. According to data from Eurostat and Cembureau, the EU imported just over 10Mt of cement and clinker in 2022. This compares to around 2.5Mt in 2016. Graph 1 (above) is even more instructive, as it shows where the cement and clinker came from in the first half of 2023. Most of it was manufactured in countries on the periphery of the EU with, roughly, a third from Türkiye and a third from North Africa. These are the countries with the most to lose from the CBAM.

Graph 2: CO₂ emissions intensity for cement exports. Green signifies cleaner than the EU average, Red signifies more carbon intensive than the EU average. Source: World Bank.

Türkiye is the most exposed. Data from Türkçimento shows that it exported 3.4Mt of cement and clinker into the EU in 2022 or 13% of its total exports. Bulgaria, Italy and Romania were the main destinations for cement. Belgium, Spain and France were the main targets for clinker. Notably, more clinker than cement was exported to the EU. For context, in total Türkiye exported 18.5Mt and 8.5Mt of cement and clinker respectively in 2022. The US was the leading destination for Turkish cement at 9.7Mt and Ivory Coast for clinker at 1.3Mt. Türkiye seems set to tackle the problem that CBAM poses for its iron and cement sectors by introducing its own emissions trading scheme. One view expressed has been that if the country has to pay for its carbon emissions it would much rather pocket the money domestically than see it go to a foreign entity. A relative CBAM Exposure Index put together by the World Bank by June 2023 suggested that Türkiye would actually benefit slightly in comparison to some of its cement exporting rivals as the CO₂ emissions intensity of its cement exports was 4.85kg CO₂eq/US$. This study’s pivot point was 4.97kg CO₂eq/US$, putting Türkiye just across the line for increased competitiveness.

Cement export data for Algeria is harder to find but state-owned Groupe des Ciments d'Algérie (GICA) has been regularly issuing bulletins since 2018 detailing its cement exports. It previously had an export target of 2Mt for 2023 with destinations in Africa, Europe and South and Central America. Looking more widely, research by the African Climate Foundation (ACF) and the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at the London School of Economics and Political Science estimated that 12% of Africa’s cement exports ended up in the EU. It reckoned that the introduction of the CBAM and an EU ETS price of Euro87/t would reduce total African exports of cement to the EU by 3 - 5% if the EU ended its ETS free allowance. The World Bank CBAM Exposure study found that Egypt and Morocco were likely to become more competitive for cement exports but Tunisia less so. Unfortunately this analysis did not cover Algeria.

The third largest individual source of imports into the EU in the first half of 2023 was Ukraine. Research from the Kiev School of Economics estimated that the start of the CBAM would reduce the export volume of cement to the EU by 2 - 5%/yr. The World Bank study found that Ukraine would become less competitive as the emissions intensity of its cement exports was 7.62kg CO₂eq/US$. This would be compounded by the fact that more than 90% of the country’s cement exports ended up in the EU. However, since the EU backed the country when Russia invaded in early 2022, imposing the CBAM on exports has acquired geopolitical consequences. There has been lobbying on this issue from various sources, so this situation might be one to watch to gain a sense of how the EU might react when its sustainability aims clash with its political imperatives.

One major risk for the cement exporting countries soon to be affected by the CBAM is if other countries start to do the same in a domino effect before the exporters introduce their own carbon pricing schemes. Türkiye is clearly alert to this. Other countries are thinking the same way. The US, for example, has had senators discuss the merits of setting up its own version. It is also wise to using sustainability legislation to further its own economic ends as the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022 showed. At the moment the US needs lots of cement imports but were this to change then the case to enact a US CBAM might grow.

Finally, one should never discount the sheer amount of bureaucracy involved when dealing with the EU. The UK discovered this when it voted to leave the EU and now the rest of the world gets to enjoy it too! Christian Alexander Müller of Evonik told the Die Welt newspaper this week that Brussels had created a bureaucratic ‘Godzilla.' Another commentator noted that the European Commission only published its guidance document for importers on CBAM in mid-August 2023 and that helping export partners would be like teaching them Latin in just a few weeks. Bona fortuna!

Algeria: Groupe des Ciments d'Algéries (GICA) says that it exported 350,000t of clinker produced at its Chlef cement plant over the period between 1 January and 14 March 2023. Local press has reported that the producer aims to export a total of 2Mt of clinker throughout 2023. It is currently on track to reach 1.75Mt, 13% short of its target, but 17% greater than its 1.5Mt exported in 2022. The company despatched the clinker from the ports of Oran and Tenès, to customers in Africa, Europe and South and Central America. It would now like to begin delivering its clinker to Syria and Türkiye in order to help facilitate rebuilding efforts there in the wake of the catastrophic February 2023 earthquake.

Algeria: Lafarge Algeria has appointed Redouane Djazairi as a plant manager. He has worked for the subsidiary of Holcim for nearly 20 years in a variety of quality control and performance roles. Most recently he held the position of Production Manager. The cement producer operates two integrated plants in the country, at M'Sila and Oggaz respectively.

Algeria: The GICA group exported a total of 3Mt of cement in 2022 for a total income of US$106m. Destinations included countries in West Africa, Latin America and Europe. The group is working, through its various subsidiaries, to increase its cement exports as part of the government's strategy aimed at diversifying non-hydrocarbon exports.

As part of this, its SCIMAT subsidiary recently obtained ISO 45001 and ISO 50001 certificates relating to health and safety and energy management standards to help it increase exports to the EU and US.

Algeria: The National Centre for Cleaner Production Technologies (CNTPP) has signed a cooperation agreement with Lafarge Algeria. The arrangement is intended to provide government assistance towards producing cement more sustainably at the manufacturer’s plants, according to Le Quotidien d'Oran newspaper. The CNTPP is an organisation setup by the Ministry of Environment to support industrial and commercial companies.

Algeria: A fire has been reported at Groupe des Ciments d'Algéries’ (GICA) Hadjar Soud plant operated by Société des Ciments des Hadjar Soud (SCHS). An explosion occurred whilst narcotics and other substances were being incinerated in the plant’s kiln under the supervision of the Gendarmerie Nationale, according to the Reporters newspaper. 12 people were injured in the incident including five workers at the plant, five police officers and two soldiers. Most of the victims suffered third degree burns in the blast and are being treated locally.

GICA holds the majority stake in SCHS, while Italy-based Buzzi Unicem owns a 35% share.

Algeria: Lafarge Algeria has launched Chamil cement, a 40% reduced-CO₂ cement, which contains locally sourced clay and ferrous materials. The producer developed Chamil cement based on technology from the Rouiba Construction Development Laboratory.

Lafarge Algeria aims to achieve export volumes of 3Mt across its product range in 2022.

Spain: Oficemen has blamed falling exports of cement on high electricity prices. The cement association reports that exports fell by around 25% year-on-year to 3.76Mt for the first eight months of 2022 from over 5Mt in the same period in 2021. Local consumption of cement slowed to an increase of just 0.2% to 9.88Mt from 9.86Mt.

Aniceto Zaragoza, the general director of Oficemen, said “Electricity costs in our sector have increased by 400% in the last two years, a situation that worsens every day due to the energy crisis we are suffering. Without competitive electricity costs, it is impossible for our industry, which for many years has led the cement export market, to continue competing with other producers in the Mediterranean area that pay much less for their energy inputs, such as Algeria, Turkey or Egypt.”