Displaying items by tag: Nigeria
2019 in cement
18 December 2019It’s the end of the year so it’s time to look at trends in the sector news over the last 12 months. It’s also the end of a decade, so for a wider perspective check out the feature in the December 2019 issue of Global Cement Magazine. The map of shifting production capacity and the table of falling CO2 emissions per tonne are awesome and inspiring in their own way. They also point towards the successes and dangers facing the industry in the next decade.
Back on 2019 here are some of the main themes of the year in the industry news. This is a selective list but if we missed anything crucial let us know.
European multinationals retreat
LafargeHolcim left the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, HeidelbergCement sold up in Ukraine and reduced its stake in Morocco and CRH is reportedly making plans to leave the Philippines and India, if local media speculation can be believed. To be fair to HeidelbergCement it has also instigated some key acquisitions here and there, but there definitely has been a feel of the multinationals cutting their losses in certain places and retreating that bit closer to their heartlands.
CRH’s chief executive officer Albert Manifold summed it up an earnings meeting when he said, “…you're faced with a capital allocation decision of investing in Europe or North America where you've got stability, certainty, overlap, capability, versus going for something a bit more exotic. The returns you need to generate to justify that higher level of risk are extraordinary and we just don't see it.”
The battle for the European Green Deal
One battle that’s happening right now is the lobbying behind the scenes for so-called energy-intensive industries in Europe as part of the forthcoming European Green Deal. The cement industry is very aware that it is walking a tightrope on this one. The European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) CO2 price started to bite in 2019, hitting a high of Euro28/t in August 2019 and plant closures have been blamed on it. The rhetoric from Ursula von der Leyen, the new president of the European Commission, has been bullish on climate legislation and the agitation of Greta Thunberg internationally and groups like Extinction Rebellion has kept the issue in the press. Cembureau, the European Cement Association, is keen to promote the industry’s sustainability credentials but it is concerned that aspects of the proposed deal will create ‘uncertainty and risks.’ Get it wrong and problems like the incoming ban on refuse-derived fuel (RDF) imports into the Netherlands may proliferate. What the Green Deal ends up as could influence the European cement industry for decades.
The managed march of China
Last’s week article on a price spike in Henan province illustrated the tension in China between markets and government intervention. It looks like this was driven by an increase in infrastructure spending with cement sales starting to rise. Cement production growth has also picked up in most provinces in the first three quarters of 2019. This follows a slow fall in cement sales over the last five years as state measures such as consolidation and peak shifting have been implemented. The government dominates the Chinese market and this extends west, as waste importers have previously found out to their cost.
Meanwhile, the Chinese industry has continued to grow internationally. Rather than buying existing assets it has tended to build its own plants, often in joint ventures with junior local partners. LafargeHolcim may have left Indonesia in 2018 but perhaps the real story was Anhui Conch's becoming the country's third biggest producer by local capacity. Coupled with the Chinese dominance in the supplier market this has meant that most new plant projects around the world are either being built by a Chinese company or supplied by one.
India consolidates but watches dust levels
Consolidation has been the continued theme in the world's second largest cement industry, with the auction for Emami Cement and UltraTech Cement’s acquisition of Century Textiles and Industries. Notably, UltraTech Cement has decided to focus its attention on only India despite the overseas assets it acquired previously. Growth in cement sales in the second half of 2019 has slowed and capacity utilisation rates remain low. Indian press reports that CRH is considering selling up. Together with the country's low per capita cement consumption this suggests a continued trend for consolidation for the time being.
Environmental regulations may also play a part in rationalising the local industry, as has already happened in China. The Indian government considered banning petcoke imports in 2018 in an attempt to decrease air pollution. Later, in mid-2019, a pilot emissions trading scheme (ETS) for particulate matter (PM) was launched in Surat, Gujarat. At the same time the state pollution boards have been getting tough with producers for breaching their limits.
Steady growth in the US
The US market has been a dependable one over the last year, generally propping up the balance sheets of the multinational producers. Cement shipments grew in the first eight months of the year with increases reported in the North-Eastern and Southern regions. Imports also mounted as the US-China trade war benefitted Turkey and Mexico at the expense of China. Alongside this a modest trade in cement plants has been going on with upgrades also underway. Ed Sullivan at the Portland Cement Association forecasts slowing growth in the early 2020s but he doesn’t think a recession is coming anytime soon.
Mixed picture in Latin America
There have been winners and losers south of the Rio Grande in 2019. Mexico was struggling with lower government infrastructure spending hitting cement sales volumes in the first half of the year although US threats to block exports haven’t come to pass so far. Far to the south Argentina’s economy has been holding the cement industry back leading to a 7% fall in cement sales in the first 11 months of the year. Both of these countries’ travails pale in comparison to Venezuela’s estimated capacity utilisation of just 12.5%. There have been bright spots in the region though with Brazil’s gradual return to growth in 2019. The November 2019 figures suggest sales growth of just under 4% for the year. Peru, meanwhile, continues to shine with continued production and sales growth.
North and south divide in Africa and the Middle East
The divide between the Middle East and North African (MENA) and Sub-Saharan regions has grown starker as more MENA countries have become cement exporters, particularly in North Africa. The economy in Turkey has held back the industry there and the sector has pivoted to exports, Egypt remains beset by overcapacity and Saudi Arabian producers have continued to renew their clinker export licences.
South of the Sahara key countries, including Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa, have suffered from poor sales due to a variety of reasons, including competition and the local economies. Other countries with smaller cement industries have continued to propose and build new plants as the race to reduce the price of cement in the interior drives change.
Changes in shipping regulations
One of the warning signs that flashed up at the CemProspects conference this year was the uncertainty surrounding the new International Maritime Organistaion (IMO) 2020 environmental regulations for shipping. A meeting of commodity traders for fuels for the cement industry would be expected to be wary of this kind of thing. Their job is to minimise the risk of fluctuating fuel prices for their employers after all. Yet, given that the global cement industry produces too much cement, this has implications for the clinker and cement traders too. This could potentially affect the price of fuels, input materials and clinker if shipping patterns change. Ultimately, IMO 2020 comes down to enforcement but already ship operators have to decide whether and when to act.
Do androids dream of working in cement plants?
There’s a been a steady drip of digitisation stories in the sector news this year, from LafargeHolcim’s Industry 4.0 plan to Cemex’s various initiatives and more. At present the question appears to be: how far can Industry 4.0 / internet of things style developments go in a heavy industrial setting like cement? Will it just manage discrete parts of the process such as logistics and mills or could it end up controlling larger parts of the process? Work by companies like Petuum show that autonomous plant operation is happening but it’s still very uncertain whether the machines will replace us all in the 2020s.
On that cheery note - enjoy the winter break if you have one.
Global Cement Weekly will return on 8 January 2020
Dangote Cement enrols 600 drivers on training programme
18 December 2019Tanzania: Dangote Cement has partnered with local police and other stakeholders to train the 600 drivers it employs in Tanzania in road safety compliance. The Citizen has reported that the training programme will involve sessions four times a year, with the objective of reducing road traffic incidents to zero. Dangote Cement Head of Transport Gerald Osagia said, “This training is aimed at ensuring that out drivers avoid any temptation that may cause accidents.” Global Cement has previously reported alleged overloading of a Dangote truck as a contributing factor in collision in August 2019 that killed three and injured 69 in Ikorodu, Nigeria.
FabCom unveils new fibre cement board
16 December 2019Nigeria: Chinese-owned FabCom has unveiled a new fibre cement board at a ceremony celebrating the fifth anniversary of its presence in Nigeria. The Sun has reported that the company will manufacture 5Mm2/yr at its fibre cement board plant in Ambuja, which will be operational before 1 January 2021. FabCom managing director Liuxing Wang praised the product’s environmental friendliness, noting its durability, sound insulation, fire and water resistance and multi-use workability. FabCom’s investments in Nigeria total US$190m and have created 200,000 jobs, the company says.
CCNN and Obu Cement merger moves to final approval stage
05 December 2019Nigeria: 157 of Cement Company of Northern Nigeria (CCNN)’s 170 accredited shareholders have voted in favour of the company’s planned merger with Obu Cement. The Nation newspaper has reported that the company will submit the result to the Securities and Exchange Commission, which will duly ratify it with the federal High Court, formalising the merger in law.
Dangote Cement director resigns
26 November 2019Nigeria: Dangote Cement’s non-executive director Fideli Madavo has resigned from his position on the company’s board. Madavo represented the stakeholder Public Investment Corporation (PIC), South Africa’s state pension fund, where he is head of resources and portfolio manager for strategic and African listed investments. The company has not stated a reason for the change.
Nigeria: The Senate of Nigeria has urged the Federal Ministry of Transportation to complete the construction of the Ajaokuta - Otukpo railway line. The legislative chamber also advised the ministry to include a siding at Okaba to Ankpa as part of the project to make coal transportation easier, according to the Vanguard newspaper. Cement companies, including Dangote Cement’s Obajana plant and the Kogi State Super Cement Company at Allo-Itobe, would benefit from reduced coal prices. At present their coal is delivered by road. The railway project would also aid the Ajaokuta Steel Company.
Entec International wins contract with Lafarge Africa
19 November 2019Nigeria: UK-based Entec International has secured a contract to optimise maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) supply chains for Lafarge Africa. The project will involve the consolidation of 125 separate suppliers into a single supply chain, which will be managed by Entec, operating in a single currency with standardised terms. No value for the deal has been disclosed.
“This is a great step for Entec, this contract opens up a new market with huge potential for us. We are delighted to be working with LafargeHolcim, whose commitment to innovation and environmental sustainability reflects our ethos at Entec,” said Entec sales director Charlie Patterson.
Patterson expects Entec to achieve a 12% reduction in freight, clearance and handling costs for Lafarge Africa in year one of the three to five-year contract. Supply chain consolidation is predicted to cut the number of shipments by more than half and will deliver a reduction in the volume of purchase orders and invoices currencies into a single currency, replacing multiple payment terms from different suppliers into a single payment term and converting multiple air freight shipments from Europe and China into consolidated ocean freight.
Entec specialises in saving costs and reducing complexity for client companies by managing their MRO supply chains. It has managed complex supply chains for manufacturers in over 70 different shipping destinations. Entec’s client base includes customers in the food and beverage packaging industries, oil, gas production, textile processing and mining and minerals sectors.
Dangote Cement announces Togo grinding plant
08 November 2019Togo: Nigerian-based Dangote Cement has received government clearance for construction of a 1.5Mt/yr grinding plant in Togo, its first in the country, at a cost of US$60m. When operational, it will bring Togo’s installed capacity to 5.7Mt/yr – 1.7Mt of it grinding only – and grind clinker from Nigeria and Togo. Agence Ecofin has reported that the sum is part of a raft of investments by Dangote Group in the country totalling US$3.47m and involving infrastructure and phosphate fertiliser production projects.
Abia Cement company signs memorandum of understanding with investors for 2.0Mt/yr integrated plant
05 November 2019Nigeria: Abia Cement, Russian-based Drobmash and Energomotor and Czech-based PSP Engineering signed a memorandum of understanding for construction of a 2.0Mt/yr integrated cement plant in Abia province at the first Russia-Africa Summit on 2 November 2019. The latter companies will supply equipment to the development, while Abia cement will receive an export loan from Russia’s Roseximbank.
Dangote Cement announces nine-month results 2019
01 November 2019Nigeria: Over a nine-month period to 30 September 2019 in which Dangote Cement increased its volumes by 1.1% to 18.0Mt from 17.8Mt in the corresponding period of 2018, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) for Africa’s largest cement producer fell by 1.6% year-on-year to US$0.84bn from US$0.85bn. Group CEO Joe Makoju noted a year-on-year 0.6% increase in Nigerian volumes to 10.8Mt from 1.07Mt, as well growth in Tanzania and good sales in Senegal, as helping to offset ‘economic and operating challenges in key territories such as Ethiopia and South Africa.’
Dangote identified its Seven Sustainability Pillars for management as enabling it to realise its commitment to increasing value for all stakeholders. This may have contributed to its ranking second in Sub-Saharan Africa in Forbes’ Global 2000 World’s Best Employers.