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Following the Standards Industry of Nigeria's (SON) decision earlier this week to ban 32.5 grade cement for all applications except for plastering, the country's cement industry is likely to be faced with some difficult decisions. The new rules state that 42.5 grade cement must be used for casting of columns, beams, slabs and for moulding blocks, while 52.5 grade cement is now mandatory for building bridges. As a developing country, Nigeria is home to a large number of construction and infrastructure projects. To ensure safety this means that the construction industry must be well-regulated.

Arguments against the use of low quality cement in Nigeria have been long drawn out as low quality cement has been blamed for a spate of building collapses, resulting in the deaths of 297 people in 1974 – 2010.

In support of the country's cement producers, SON's director general Joseph Ikem Odumodu was eager to point out that low quality cement is not to blame for Nigeria's building collapses. He said that cement grades 32.5, 42.5 and 52.5 are designed for different applications, which are not being adhered to by builders. While 42.5 grade cement is the minimum suitable grade for multi-story building construction like residential homes, 32.5 grade cement is frequently used instead as it is cheaper and more readily available.

Dangote Cement is currently the only company producing 52.5 grade cement in the country, which it sells at the same price as its 42.5 grade cement. The new SON decision is therefore expected to be good news for Dangote, potentially increasing sales volumes and improving the company's reputation.

With regards to the rest of Nigeria's cement producers, unless they are able to convert their production process for 42.5 and 52.5 grade cement extremely rapidly, Nigeria's cement imports and prices for domestic 42.5 and 52.5 grade cements are likely to increase, in contrast to recent trends. The new regulations, which SON has said will be strictly enforced, provide an excellent opportunity for market share expansion to those cement producers that respond rapidly. It might also be considered the ideal moment for companies to begin exploring brand identities and marketing campaigns. Lookout for our new report on cement branding in a future issue of Global Cement Magazine.

India: JK Cement has announced that the Board of Directors has appointed Paul Hugentobler as an additional director in the Board, to hold office until the conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting. Previous to the appointment, Hugentobler served as an advisor to Holcim between 1 January 2014 to February 2014. Between 1999 – 2000 he was the CEO at Siam City Cement and between 1980 – 1994 Hugentobler was a project manager at Holcim Group Support.

Mexico: Cementos Moctezuma has announced US$200m of investments to increase its cement production capacity by 1.3Mt/yr to 2.6Mt/yr at its plant in Apazapan, Veracruz. The company, which is owned by Buzzi Unicem, Cementos Molins and Carso, runs three plants in Mexico with a total production capacity of 6.4Mt/yr. Moctezuma's income grew by11% to US$164m in the January - March 2014 period.

Kenya: East Africa Portland Cement Company (EAPCC) expects its profit for the financial year that ends in June 2014 to drop by at least 25% compared to the preceding year's performance, in which it made US$19.3m in profit. The company has issued a profit warning, attributing the expected dip in profit to reduced sales and rising costs.

"It is projected that the profit for the 2013 - 2014 financial year will fall by more than 25% compared with the 2012 - 2013 year," the company said. EAPCC also attributed the outlook to reduced export sales and loss of market share in Kenya.

While EAPCC's sales have declined significantly, it has maintained fixed costs, including salaries, at a high level to maintain operations. This implies reduced margins, with the firm having already posted a weaker performance in the first six months of its 2013 – 2014 financial year, which ended in December 2013. Its net profit during the period fell by 43.9% to US$2.09m, weighed by higher costs and flat sales of US$51.2m.

Analysts at the Standard Investment Bank (SIB) said EAPCC has been hit by inefficiencies and perennial business disruptions brought by shareholder disputes. The government, which has a 52.3% stake in EAPCC and Lafarge, which owns a 41.4% stake, have in recent months fought to control the cement firm. The latest battle has seen the government report Lafarge to the Competition Authority for its cross ownership in EAPCC and its rival, Bamburi Cement.

South Africa: PPC has announced that in the first-half of its 2014 financial year, which ended in March 2014, its profit grew by 52% as the company consolidated its foreign units and increased its exports to counteract declining domestic sales.

Net income for the six months grew to US$47.2m from US$31.1m for the same period in 2013. Operating earnings before a number of one-time items rose by 3% to US$84.6m, while sales grew by 9% to US$398m.

Cement sales in South Africa were negatively impacted by a platinum mining strike and heavy rains during the period. Sales volumes in the north west of the country, where many of the platinum mines are located, fell by 25% in the first six months of PPC's reporting period and are not expected to recover in the near future.

"Improvements in export sales and the consolidation of sales from our Rwanda operation and newly-acquired Safika Cement business were partly offset by declining sales volumes in South Africa and Botswana," said chief executive Ketso Gordhan. PPC said that it remains optimistic that cement sales volumes will improve.

To combat a slow domestic market, PPC is expanding across Africa, including in countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DCR), Zimbabwe, Algeria and Mozambique, to boost foreign sales to 40% by 2017.

PPC said that Zimbabwe's economic slowdown had caused 'in-country liquidity constraints,' resulting in a fall in cement demand. Despite the slowdown, analysts have said that the country's infrastructural deficit presents immense opportunities for cement makers. PPC is investing US$12.4m to expand its cement plant in the country and plans to construct a 0.70Mt/yr cement plant under its subsidiary, PPC Zimbabwe. PPC also plans to retire two 'less-efficient' mills at its Bulawayo plant. "The new mill in Harare gives a competitive advantage and a phased capital expenditure approach reduces risk," said Gordhan.

Gordhan said that PPC plans to construct a US$200m clinker plant on the border with Mozambique and a cement plant in Tete, Mozambique.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), PPC is investing US$280m to build a 1Mt/yr cement plant in the west of the country. The plant is currently under construction. PPC will assume 69% ownership of the plant, while the Barnet Group will own 21% and the International Finance Corporation will own 10%.

Hodna Cement Company, in which PPC has a 49% interest, plans to construct a 2Mt/yr cement plant near Sétif, Algeria to be constructed by China's Sinoma. "We are optimistic that we will be on site by the end of 2014," Gordhan said. Algerian cement demand is estimated at 22Mt/yr.

France: Italcementi has set the final price for the buyout offer targeting the minority holdings in its French arm Ciments Français SA at Euro79.50/share, excluding dividend.

Italcementi, which currently owns 83.83% of the share capital and 91.03% of the voting rights of Ciments Français, has increased the bid by Euro3.00/share from the Euro78.00/share announced on 6 March 2014, which included a dividend of Euro1.50/share.

The price was boosted after taking into consideration the assessment by Ciments Français and its advisor, FINEXSI, the revised growth projections of the group and recent industry developments. The bid, which is in line with a drive to increase Italcementi's capital and streamline the group's structure, is to be launched in June 2014 and has a maximum total counter-value of some Euro463.5m. Italcementi will use proceeds from a capital hike of up to Euro500m to bankroll the offer.

Ciments Français' board noted that the price is deemed fair by the advisor and is in the high-end of the established valuation range. Moreover, the move is seen to allow Ciments Français to conduct its operations more efficiently, the board added. In the event that Italcementi builds a stake of at least 95% through the tender offer, it would initiate, within three months from the completion of the bid, a squeeze-out procedure for the rest of the shares at the offer price.

Russia: Eurocement Group has signed contracts with Chinese companies for equipment supplies, engineering, installation supervision and employee training totalling Euro387m.

"The contracts, which were signed on 20 May 2014, include the delivery of a complete set of equipment necessary for the construction of new cement dry-production lines," said Eurocement. The contracted supplies include mechanical equipment, furnaces, cyclone heat exchangers, crushers, and mills.

The equipment will be used for the construction of new cement plants with a total cement production capacity of 17Mt/yr in six regions of Russia: Leningrad, Ryazan, Bryansk, Arkhangelsk, Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. Eurocement currently operates 16 cement plants with 40Mt/yr of production capacity.

Chile: On 20 May 2014 the environmental committee of Chile's Santiago Metropolitan region admitted for evaluation a 20MW solar power project from Chilean cement producer Cemento Polpaico.

Cemento Polpaico plans to invest US$42m in the Cerro Blanco photovoltaic park, which will be installed next to its cement plant in the Tiltil Municipality. The park will help to diversify Chile's energy mix and will supply renewable energy to the central power network (SIC), through the Punta Peuco substation, according to the environmental impact declaration. Construction is projected to commence in 2014.

Russia: Lafarge opened a Euro500m cement plant in Kaluga on 19 May 2014. The plant is the group's biggest project in Russia so far, according to Andre Martin, Lafarge's president in Russia.

The plant has a cement production capacity of 2Mt/yr. Raw material will be sourced from the adjacent Borschovskoye field, which Lafarge calculates has enough reserves to last 50 years. All of the cement will be supplied to the domestic market.

"This is a very modern enterprise. Russia produces a lot of cement and it needs more and more of it to modernise old enterprises," said first deputy prime minister Igor Shuvalov.

Lafarge is not planning to adjust its plans to develop business in Russia due to the Ukraine crisis, according to Martin. He said that Lafarge, which has been doing business in Russia since 1996, had long-term development plans for the Kaluga region.

Bulgaria: Bulgarian cement producer Devnya Cement plans to launch a new Euro160m production line with a cement production capacity of 1.5Mt/yr in September 2014. The plant, which is near the Black Sea port city of Varna, currently has a cement production capacity of 2.5Mt/yr. Devnya Cement was acquired by Italcementi in 1998.