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India: India Ratings has revised its outlook for Indian cement manufacturers to 'stable to negative' for 2013 from 'negative' in 2012, driven by limited downside risk for demand. The ratings agency also expects consolidation in the medium-to-long-term with large-scale merger and acquisition activities, according to a report. "We expect consolidation in cement industry in the medium-to-long-term with large merger and acquisition activities in the sector," the rating agency said.

The agency expects credit profiles of large cement firms with superior cost positions and a presence across India to remain stable in 2013. However, smaller companies, with unfavourable cost structures and regional concentrations, are likely to be under pressure.

With growth of the housing sector at 13% and that of the commercial real estate sector (CRE) at 4% until November 2012, India Ratings expects cement demand to grow by 5-8% year-on-year in 2013. Cement production volume in 2012 was mainly driven by a relatively robust activity in housing and commercial real estate. From September 2010 to March 2012, the average growth in credit to the housing sector was around 15-16% in commercial real estate.

Large integrated players, those that are among the top five in the country in terms of production capacity, are likely to have median earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) margins in the range of 23-24% in 2013, comparable to the levels seen in the 2012 financial year. However, smaller or partially-integrated players are likely to exhibit margins ranging from 17-19%, lower than the median margins observed for such companies in 2012 financial year, the report said.

With regards to consolidation the report says that the top five companies, constituting around 50% of the industry capacity, enjoy a better cost-structure driven by significant vertical integration and locational advantage with respect to sourcing of raw materials and market access.

"Most other companies, because of lack of one or more of these factors, have a weaker competitive position. The industry economics and the regulatory actions exhibited by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) may push marginal players to consolidate", the ratings agency said.

Denmark: Danish cement plant manufacturer FLSmidth has signed a Euro125m loan agreement with the European Investment Bank (EIB). The five-year-bullet loan will finance FLSmidth's global research and development (R&D) programme within the cement industry during the period 2013-2016. The R&D programme will focus on development of innovative products, optimisation of energy efficiency and use of materials and fuel in the production process as well as reduction of harmful emissions.

"Through its focused R&D efforts FLSmidth aims at fulfilling its customers' future needs for innovative technical solutions, high reliability and availability, minimum environmental impact and the lowest possible lifecycle costs. This loan from the European Investment Bank supports these efforts," said Group Executive Vice President and CFO Ben Guren.

In its press release about the loan, FLSmidth noted that it places emphasis on the use of alternative fuels, reduced emissions and waste, improved heat recovery, lower power consumption, minimised water consumption, increased plant capacity, availability and operating efficiency and minimum safety risk.

Ireland: The chief executive of Ecocem, which has 'green' cement plants in Ireland, France and the Netherlands, has called for an 80% windfall tax on cement manufacturers in Ireland, which are currently making profits from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Donal O'Riain says that the Irish cement sector has lost 75% of the demand seen during the boom years of the mid-2000s and that 'anomalies' between its current output and the ETS mean that the Irish economy is losing out.

It is thought that the over-allocation of carbon credits, which now far exceed production requirements, have cost the Irish exchequer Euro120m since 2005 and could cost double that in the seven years to 2020. The Irish cement industry currently gets tens of millions of Euros every year in 'profits' as a result of the scheme.

Previously, the Irish Department of Finance increased the tax on profits from the sale of the credits, from 12.5% to 30%, by ruling that they have to be taxed as a capital gain rather than at the corporation tax rate. O'Riain said they should be taxed at up to 80%. He said that a system that was designed to encourage cement producers to reduce their CO2 emissions was instead incentivising them to produce CO2 at the public's expense.

O'Riain has called on the Irish government, while it holds the European presidency, to change the rules governing the ETS system. He said one of the effects of the way the system operated was to subsidise those plants using environmentally unfriendly practices. "Every 1t of polluting cement in Ireland is sold with a taxpayer subsidy of 17% of the selling price," said O'Riain.

Brazil: The French building materials giant Lafarge has announced a US$500m investment plan in Brazil. On 11 January 2013 Bruno Lafont, group CEO, announced the five year investment in a civil construction research centre in the country at a meeting with the Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. The move follows a number of asset sales by the group.

The Brazilian research centre will be the group's fifth outside France. The others are in the Netherlands, China, Algeria and India. In the past five years Lafarge has invested US$1bn in Brazil.

Nigeria: The people of Benue State have protested against the continued closure of Dangote Cement's Gboko plant. The plant has been temporary shut down as a result of an alleged cement 'glut,' which cement producers say is being caused by massive cement imports.

A statement from Dangote Group said that the chairman, Gboko Local Government, Nahan Zinda decried the continued closure of the Dangote plant, saying that his local government is losing vast sums of revenue and that the closure was having knock-on effects in other areas of the economy, including trading stalls outside the factory. Zinda called on the federal government to expedite action by doing all it takes for the factory to reopen.

"Since the company was closed, cement prices have risen," said Zinda. "Our people have been jobless and suffering. It may also lead to anti-social behaviours. Our women, who have petty businesses outside the gate, are also complaining bitterly," he said.

Grace John, who spoke on behalf of women traders in Gboko, said that social and commercial activities have virtually come to a halt and that life was becoming difficult. She appealed for the quick reopening of the plant in the interest of women traders.

Benue State Commissioner of Finance Conrad Werbga said, "Importation impacts negatively on the economy. It causes lots of ripples. It comes with attendant negative consequences for our nation. The federal government must do all it could to reverse the trend."

All parties will be keen to keep disruption caused by the plant closure to a minimum. On 17 August 2011, a dispute between a trader and cement plant worker rapidly escalated to a full-scale riot, with 20 deaths and widespread looting in Gboko.

Vietnam: Vietnam's cement sales in 2012 reportedly fell by 3.5% to 54Mt due to low demand in the domestic market, according to the Vietnam Cement Association (VNCA). The country's cement sales in its domestic market fell by 7.71% year-on-year to 45.5Mt. Cement and clinker exports rose by 30% to 8.5Mt.

In 2012 local cement makers faced many difficulties such as large inventories and low domestic demand created by a static real estate market. High production costs, high lending interest rates and high input costs for materials such as fuel, power and coal all adversely affected local cement producers. Cement and clinker exports have also been disrupted due to some firms 'unfairly' cutting their export prices.

For 2013 the VNCA has predicted that local cement producers will continue to face difficulties. However the government has approved spending of US$480m on new rural constructions and will encourage the use of local cement for transportation infrastructure projects. Vietnam's domestic cement sales are predicted to rise by 5-8% year-on-year to 48-49Mt in 2013, equal to the total sales seen in 2011.

Deputy Minister of Construction Nguyen Tran Nam said that the local cement sector must focus on dealing with three main problems: export promotion, production cost reduction and enterprise restructure. He also called on local cement companies to cooperate on exports instead of undercutting each other.