Displaying items by tag: Coal

Jordan: The country’s industrial chambers have made a statement saying that most cement plants are charging ‘average’ prices for cement despite recent rises in energy costs due to imported coal and diesel. In a joint statement the group’s said, that although some plants have increased the price of cement, it does not reflect the increase in real cost to producers, according to the Jordan News Agency. The price of cement has reportedly risen by 12% recently.

The industrial chambers noted that the sector is, “keen to stabilise commodity prices locally and maintain their sustainability." It added that it accomplished this in the interests of citizens during the Covid-19 crisis despite the high price of raw materials. The statement also noted that the country has a cement production capacity of 10Mt/yr but the local market only uses 3Mt/yr.

Another week and it’s another commodity story related to the effects of coronavirus. This time the Indian press and financial analysts have started to notice a shift in the fuel mix of some of the major producers from petcoke to coal. UltraTech Cement moved to 30% petcoke and 60% imported coal in the fourth quarter of its 2021 financial year that ended on 31 March 2021. This compares to a reported mix of 77% and 10% in the previous year according to Mint. Dalmia Bharat reduced its share of petcoke to 52% in the fourth quarter from 70% in the third quarter, while its coal mix was 35 - 40% in the fourth quarter.

Price is the driver here. UltraTech Cement’s chief financial officer Atul Daga summed the situation up in an earnings call in late January 2021. Essentially, he said that fuel represented about 13% of total costs for cement producers in India and that both the cost of coal and petcoke nearly doubled from June 2020 to January 2021. However, coal is seen as the cheaper option, hence the move towards it in the fuels mix ratio. The petcoke market meanwhile has suffered due to reduced oil refinery output due to, you guessed it, the effect of coronavirus on global markets in 2020. Scarcity in the US market has particularly affected the decisions on buyers for Indian cement companies since this is the key source of their imports. Demand for petcoke from Latin America and the Mediterranean hasn’t helped either. Both petcoke and coal markets are expected to stabilise in the second half of 2021. Diesel prices have also risen recently causing UltraTech Cement’s power and fuel costs to increase by 28% year-on-year to US$356m and logistics costs, including freight expenses, to rise by 25% to US$449m in the fourth quarter of its 2021 financial year.

With this in mind it’s interesting then, that for some analysts at least, fuel prices have been seen as more worrying for cement producer profits than the latest round of coronavirus-related lockdowns from India’s second wave of infection. Fitch Ratings for example, warned that the impact of mounting fuel costs would continue to be seen in the quarter to June 2021 but that it would subside due to the switch in fuel mix and price rises passed to end consumers. On the lockdowns, it forecast that localised restrictions, with cement plants being allowed to continue operating in most states, would cause a far less pronounced drop in cement demand than during the first national lockdown.

Graph 1: Monthly cement production in India, January 2019 – April 2021. Source: Office of the Economic Adviser.

Graph 1 above shows that the crisis the Indian cement sector faced during the first lockdown, when production crumbled by 85% year-on-year to 4.3Mt in April 2020. The following recovery saw production reach its second highest ever figure at 32.9Mt in March 2021. It’s too soon to tell what’s happening from the national figure but that dip in April 2021 is not looking good so far.

One benefit from unstable fuel prices is that it builds the economic case for cement producers to raise their alternative fuels substitution rates. UltraTech Cement, for example, reported that its ‘green’ energy rate grew to 13% in its 2021 financial year from 11% in 2020. With a target of 34% by its 2024 financial year, this is an ideal opportunity for a change for both UltraTech Cement and other producers.

India: Cement producers reduced the proportion of coal in their fuel mixes during the fourth quarter of the local 2021 financial year. Ramco Cements’ petcoke use was 41% in the 2021 financial year compared to 48% in the 2020 financial year, according to Mint News. Dalmia Bharat subsidiary Dalmia Cement used 52% petcoke in its cement fuel in the fourth quarter of the 2021 financial year, which ended on 31 March 2021, compared to 70% in the year’s third quarter. In the same comparison periods, Aditya Birla subsidiary UltraTech Cement reduced its petcoke share to 30% from 77%. It replaced the fuel with 60% coal, compared to 10% in the third quarter of the 2021 financial year.

Petcoke prices more than doubled year-on-year to US$130/t in the fourth quarter of the 2021 financial year, leading cement producers to switch fuels. Coal prices have resultantly risen by 82% to US$100/t. Producers rely on imports for both commodities.

India: The cement sector’s consumption of fly ash has reportedly collapsed since March 2020. The Financial Express newspaper has reported that the sector previously used over 25% of the ash from coal-fired power plants. The Association of Power Producers says that the suspension of cement production during coronavirus lockdown prevented the more of the country’s coal plants than usual from reaching the required 100% utilisation (for plants over three years old) in the 2021 financial year. In the 2020 financial year, 47 of 101 plants utilised 100% of their fly ash. Other uses beside cement production include brick and tile production, roadbuilding and land reclamation.

India: Germany-based Gebr. Pfeiffer has won a contract to supply a vertical roller mill for grinding coal to Deccan Cement’s Bhavanipuram cement plant in Andhra Pradesh. Gebr. Pfeiffer India will be responsible for processing the order and supervising production and installation at the plant’s 3500t/day kiln line. The mill will be the company’s second from the supplier. It chose an MPS 250 BK mill, which can also grind petcoke or a mixture of coal and petcoke. Commissioning is scheduled for before mid-June 2022.

Pakistan: The board of directors of Kohat Cement Company Limited (KCCL) has approved plans to establish a 7800 – 10,000t/day integrated cement plant at Khushab, Punjab. The company will also set up an 8 – 10MW waste heat recovery (WHR) plant and a 25MW coal-fired power plant at the site. The total estimated cost of the project is US$189m. The producer will raise finances through a mix of debt and equity. Commissioning is scheduled for mid-2023.

India: Shree Cement has ordered two vertical roller (VR) mills from Germany-based Gebr. Pfeiffer for the upcoming clinker line at its Raipur cement plant in Chhattisgarh. The supplier says that one of the mills will grind raw materials and the other will grind coal.

A MVR 6000 R-6 type raw mill will grind 800t/hr of raw material and have a drive power of 8700kW. Gebr. Pfeiffer said, “The grinding rollers of this mill can be equipped with roller tires for raw meal grinding as well as for cement grinding, provided that they have been designed according to the same force module. This saves money, because the identical components of rollers, tensioning system, roller arms, etc. mean that customers can reduce their spare parts inventory, since the same spare parts can be used for a raw meal mill and for a cement mill.” The mill will be equipped with an SLS 6000 VR high-efficiency classifier.

A MPS 2800 BK type mill will be used to grind coal with a capacity of 28t/hr, a drive power of 720kW and be “equipped with the latest design of the integrated SLS 2900 BK high-efficiency classifier optimised for MPS mills.”

The supplier said, “While the core components of the mills as well as the drive units will be supplied by Gebr. Pfeiffer from Europe, the Indian subsidiary Gebr. Pfeiffer (India) will provide components such as the mill and classifier housings, the steel foundation parts as well as internal parts of the classifiers.”

Japan: Taiheiyo Cement has installed three BWZ bucket elevators and a Louise TKF drag chain conveyor supplied by the Hong Kong-based subsidiary of Aumund at its new power plant at Ofunato. The cement producer uses both biomass and coal at the plant.

Two elevators and the drag chain conveyor are used to transport palm kernel shells (PKS) and palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), which are used as alternative fuels in the power plant. Each has a capacity of up to 150t/hr. The conveying concept is designed so that the different materials are kept apart and enter the silo buffer tanks separately. The third bucket elevator is used for coal handling. It is a gravity discharge type BWZ-S elevator with a capacity of up to 35t/hr.

UK: Germany-based Loesche has joined a network of expert companies that “share relevant information and results regarding the reduction of environmental impact and the use of coal and enhanced energy security globally” in becoming an IEA Clean Coal Centre knowledge partner. The company said, “We are excited to be part of this renowned group of companies that aim to improve the environmental impact by use of green technologies, renewable resources, and alternative use of energy sources for more sustainable engineering projects.”

Vietnam: US-based FCT Combustion has published details of a new contract with Vietnam National Coal and Minerals Industry Holding Group (Vinacomin) for the supply of an FCT Turbo-Jet burner to Vinacomin’s 0.6Mt/yr La Hiên plant in Thái Nguyên province. The upgrade aims to enable the use of lower calorific coal while maintaining clinker strength and specific fuel consumption, in order to reduce fuel costs.

FCT Combustion previously provided burners at Vinacomin’s 0.8Mt/yr Quan Trieu cement plant in 2019 and 1.5Mt/yr Quang Son cement plant in 2020, both in Thái Nguyên province.