Displaying items by tag: Emissions

Pakistan: On 18 April 2024, the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) and the Policy Research Institute for Equitable Development (PRIED) launched two studies focusing on the decarbonisation of Pakistan's cement sector. The initiative focuses on collaboration and technology sharing to reduce the industry's carbon footprint.

Professor Muhammad Fahim Khokhar from the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) said "The global CO₂ emissions released from the cement sector are 37.4Gt, which is rising at 1.1% per year."

The study by PRIED and NUST showed a 30% increase in cement sector CO₂ emissions in 2020 relative to 1990-2000, reaching 49.6Mt/yr. The study proposed strategies for cement sector decarbonisation, such as alternative fuels, clinker substitution, renewable energy, process electrification, energy efficiency and carbon capture technologies.

According to researcher Saleha Qureshi, the major challenge for decarbonisation is that cement industries in Pakistan rely on over 65% coal in the calcination process. Other challenges identified were lack of regulatory and policy support, absence of performance-based standards, high transition cost and limited incentive available for the transition.

Colombia: Cementos Argos and Sistema Verde have collaborated to transform nearly 27t of waste from the Estéreo Picnic music festival in Bogotá on 21 – 24 March 2024 into alternative fuel for Cementos Argos' Cartagena plant. The initiative, which includes converting materials such as plastics and cardboard into fuel, aligns with Cementos Argos’ aim to reduce fossil fuel use and CO₂ emissions per tonne of cement by 29% by 2030.

Mauricio Giraldo, director of alternative resources at Cementos Argos said "We are very pleased to be part of this alliance with which we join the global need to join efforts to make an adequate use of waste in a safe, controlled and clean manner. Our goal as a company is to dispose of more than 300,000t/yr of waste, and with actions like this, we continue to contribute to achieving this goal.”

Germany: Heidelberg Materials has begun work on the GeZero project at its Milke plant in Geseke. The €500 million project will implement carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to prevent the release of CO₂, instead capturing and storing it under the North Sea. According to the Westfälische Rundschau, the project has secured €191m in funding from the EU, with Heidelberg Materials covering the remaining amount. The company anticipates completing the plant conversion by 2029, with interim CO₂ transport via rail and potential future pipeline connections. According to the company, around 700,000t/yr of CO₂ is currently produced by the plant.

There had been potential changes in project partnerships due to the sale of BASF subsidiary Wintershall Dea, which was to provide the transport and storage solutions, to Harbour Energy. However, plant manager Steffen Gajewski expects that planning for the conversion of the plant will be completed in 2025, when the new oxyfuel kilns to capture the CO₂ will be ordered and installed.

Germany: Holcim is investing a three-figure million sum into its cement plant in Lägerdorf, Steinburg, according to the Segeberger Zeitung. The plant will employ a second-generation oxyfuel kiln line to increase the concentration of CO₂ in the flue gas during clinker production. The project aims to capture 1Mt/yr of CO₂. The new kiln line is expected to be operational by 2029.

State Secretary for Energy, Joschka Knuth, said "The decarbonisation of Holcim is a very important signal for the entire industrial location of Germany."

Canada: Heidelberg Materials North America has announced a new front end engineering design (FEED) contract for its Edmonton carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) project. This involves MHI Low Carbon Solutions Canada (MHI-LCSC) and Kiewit Energy Group who will collaborate on the carbon capture technology at the plant. The FEED study will leverage MHI's Advanced KM CDR Process, which uses the KS-21 solvent. The Edmonton plant aims to capture 1Mt/yr of CO₂.

Vice President at Kiewit, Rob Medley, said "Heidelberg Materials is taking a major step towards decarbonising hard to abate industries by deploying innovative and effective carbon capture technology."

Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos has inaugurated its first unit in Brazil for Viter, its agricultural inputs business, and Verdera, its sustainable waste management business. Located in Itaperuçu, the unit comprises a new Verdera waste crushing plant and an agricultural limestone production line for Viter. This initiative is part of a US$785m investment programme.

Verdera's Itaperuçu facility has a capacity of 48,000t/yr, tripling its previous capability, and is equipped with technology for sustainable waste treatment. The waste processed at the plant will be converted into clean energy for cement production at Votorantim's plant in Rio Branco do Sul, using co-processing technology developed by Votorantim in Brazil in 1991. Viter's new line will increase agricultural limestone production in Paraná. The Itaperuçu plant, along with the existing Rio Branco do Sul unit, brings Viter's total capacity to 1.5Mt/yr of agricultural limestone in Paraná. The new plant features filters for emission control and utilises biomass as a renewable energy source.

Thailand: Saraburi, which houses Thailand’s key cement plants, is expected to start converting waste to energy in a project led by the Thai Cement Manufacturers Association (TCMA). TCMA has developed a pilot project to create ‘ignitable waste pallets’, which will replace imported coal in cement production, according to TCMA chair Dr Chana Poomee. The process involves using waste from mining, cement plants and local communities to produce fuel, focusing on waste that cannot be reused or recycled.

Seven cement plants are located in the Tan Diao subdistrict due to its proximity to limestone mountains essential for cement production. The province is facing a growing waste management problem, owing to urbanisation and the expansion of agribusiness in the area. ‘Saraburi Sandbox’ project, a public-private-people partnership (PPP), seeks to address these issues.

Kittipong Promwong, president of the National Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation Office, believes the Saraburi Sandbox is crucial to the government's commitment to lowering CO₂ emissions.

Philippines: A recent study from Cebu, Philippines presents a method for reducing greenhouse emissions in the cement industry. The research, supported by the Department of Science & Technology (DOST) of the Philippines, focuses on partially substituting cement with coal fly ash (CFA). According to the University of San Carlos researchers, CFA's efficacy as a cement substitute depends on its source, with variations in quality, performance, and water requirements when used in paste and mortar formulations.

The study evaluated CFA from a Philippine power plant, examining its use as a partial cement substitute. Researchers designed paste and mortar mixtures with different CFA-to-binder ratios and water-to-binder ratios. The study revealed that increasing the amount of CFA in cement up to 20% by weight could enhance compressive strength, ‘outperforming’ pure cement mixtures.

The study concluded that substituting a portion of cement with CFA not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also improves the compressive strength of the resultant material.

Thailand: Chair of the Thai Cement Manufacturers Association (TCMA), Dr Chana Poomee, announced the company’s new strategy, called 'TCMA Synergising the Actions toward Net Zero 2050'. This strategy aims to drive the cement industry towards clean energy transition, connect with global green funds and address climate change.

The vision involves four key missions for 2024-2026, including developing low-carbon cement, enhancing resource-efficient mining practices, building an integrated waste-to-value ecosystem, and transitioning to clean energy.

The TCMA also aims to reduce its CO₂ emissions by 6.9Mt/yr by 2030. Collaborations with various partners, including the Thailand Fellowship Cement Manufacturers and the Thai Bankers Association, are planned to leverage innovation and government policy support.

China:  The UK-based Carbon Disclosure Project Carbon Majors database has released its Carbon Majors Database. The database quantifies the historical CO₂ emissions of 122 of the world's major emitters, among them the Chinese cement sector.

Notably, China's cement industry has been a significant contributor to global emissions. In the period up to the end of 2022, China's cement sector has produced 23,161Mt of CO₂, accounting for 1.3% of the global emissions recorded during this period. From 2016 to 2022, the cement industry in China emitted 8.16Bnt of CO₂, accounting for 3.2% of global emissions.

Figures for the cement sector include process emissions from the calcination of limestone, but exclude emissions from fuel and electricity used in production.