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At the beginning of September 2013 Lucky Cement reportedly resigned from the All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association. The implications of this departure raise interesting implications for Pakistan's cement industry and its export markets.

Lucky Cement reacted to a growing row over energy prices for cement producers in Pakistan. The government increased electricity taxes for industrial consumers by 55% but only increased gas prices by 17.5%. This has created an uneven rise in the cost of production between those smaller cement producers powered off the national electricity grid and those larger cement producers using captive power plants. Suddenly smaller cement producers have found it much more expensive to make cement than their larger competitors.

Although Pakistan's cement industry contains over 20 producers, it is dominated by four major players - Lucky Cement, Bestway Cement, DG Khan and Maple Leaf – who hold nearly half of the country's cement production capacity of around 45Mt/yr. According to local media covering the spat, Lucky Cement uses 100% captive power generation, DG Khan Cement uses 40% and Maple Leaf Cement uses 45%.

In 2009 the Competition Commission of Pakistan issued fines to 20 cement producers found guilty of acting as a cartel and co-ordinating rises in cement prices. Following the action cement prices fell by 30%. Since then prices have steadily risen again with the industry publicly denying the existence of a cartel as recently as April 2013.

Regardless of whether any collusion exists today, with new cement production capacity announced this week by DG Khan, the incentives for Pakistan's larger cement producers are growing to keep their prices low with the benefit of seizing greater market share. Meanwhile the smaller cement producers could be squeezed on both energy input costs and price.

In Pakistan, if the larger cement producers act on the new market opportunities, industry consolidation seems possible. Internationally, if the big cement producers in Pakistan concentrate more on the domestic market then this presents opportunities elsewhere. For example, markets in East and South Africa receive significant cement imports from Pakistan. If the volumes of these imports decrease then local African producers and rival exporters will benefit.

Changes in Pakistan's cement industry carry implications both at home and abroad in its export markets. Who exactly these changes will be 'lucky' for remains to be seen.

Saudi Arabia: Al Jouf Cement has appointed Eissa Baissa as director general, effective from 15 September 2013.

Prior to joining Al-Jouf, Baissa was general manager of one of the cement companies operating in Saudi Arabia, Al-Jouf said without disclosing the name of that company. Al-Saleh has a Bachelor Degree in mining engineering from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, and a Ph.D. in business administration from University of Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

India: Jaypee Cement plans to sell a 51% stake in its 5Mt/yr cement plant in Gujarat to Ultratech. The value of the deal has been placed at around US$633m. A Jaypee official described the deal as 'finalised' to the Press Trust of India.

Jaypee and Ultratech have been in negotiations over the deal for a year. Ultratech reported to the Bombay Stock Exchange in December 2012 that it had not issued any press releases on the rumoured sale in a bid to calm market speculation.

In 2008 the owner of Jaypee Cement, Jaiprakash Associates, purchased purchased Bina Power Supply (BPSL) from the owner of Ultratech, Aditya Birla Group.

Indonesia: PT Cemindo Gemilang is due to start building a US$450m cement plant in Banten province following a groundbreaking ceremony on 11 September 2013. The 4Mt/yr plant will be situated on a 500 hectare plot in Bayah, Lebak regency. It is due to start commercial operations in the third quarter of 2015.

The subsidiary of oil palm plantation, mining and property business Ganda Group intends to spend a further US$150m on developing related infrastructure for the plant including a port and a power network. Cemindo will finance the project with external and internal funds. The majority of the funding, representing 70% of total investment, will be obtained from a syndicated loan led by the state-owned Bank Negara Indonesia.

Cemindo sells cement under the Semen Merah Putih brand in 20 provinces in Java, Kalimantan and Sumatra. In 2012 it acquired a majority stake in Vietnamese cement producer Chinfon Cement Corporation for US$250m.

India: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has filed separate chargesheets against Penna Cement, Raghuram Cements and India Cements for favours they allegedly received from the Andhra Pradesh state government in 2008 and 2009. According to newspaper The Hindu, YS Jaganmohan Reddy has been accused of influencing his father, deceased chief minister of Andhra Pradesh YS Rajasekhara Reddy, to grant government benefits to firms that invested in his own companies.

The CBI allege that Penna Group had invested US$7m in Jagati Publications and US$3.5m in Carmel Asia, both belonging to YSJ Reddy. In return, Penna Cements was allocated mining leases in Anantapur and Kurnool districts and the transfer of limestone mines originally allotted to Walchand Cements. Similar deals with Raghuram Cements (now Bharati Cements) and India Cements are noted in the CBI's charges.

Egypt: ASEC Minya, formally Arab National Cement Company, has begun cement production at its 2Mt/yr cement plant in Minya, Egypt. The ASEC Cement subsidiary has been producing clinker at the site since May 2013.

"We are extremely proud to have been able to see this project through to completion despite the challenging operational environment," said ASEC Cement CEO Giorgio Bodo. "The launch of cement production, which marks the official completion of this project, is a clear reflection of our confidence in the Egyptian economy and our belief in the country's ability to recover from the current volatility."

Bodo cited security issues, fuel scarcity and general 'instability' as causing major setbacks that the cement producer had to overcome. Construction of the plant originally began in December 2010 but work was interrupted by the Egyptian Revolution in January 2011.

ASEC Minya will be connected to the Egyptian national electric grid via a 42km transmission line to be completed by the end of 2014. Until then the plant will use rented generators. The new cement plant has created 400 direct and 800 indirect jobs.

US: Roanoke Cement Company has been accepted as an Exemplary Environmental Enterprise within the Virginia Environmental Excellence Program (VEEP). VEEP was established to encourage superior environmental performance by encouraging organisations within the state of Virginia, that have strong, established environmental records, to surpass their own performance levels.

Armenia: The Mika Cement plant, which has been idle since September 2012, is due to start up production on 10 September 2013 according to the plant's director Naira Martirosyan.

In an interview with Armenian news agency Arminfo, Martirosyan revealed that rises in power costs on 7 July 2013 may lead to increased cement prices. As a result of energy price rise, overall production costs have risen by 20 – 25%.

Originally built in 1970, the cement plant was privatised in 2001. Holding two production lines the plant has a cement production capacity of 1.2Mt/yr. The plant employs 450 workers when operational.

Pakistan: DG Khan Cement has reported that its profit after taxation rose by 35% year-in-year to US$52.5m for the 2012 – 2013 financial year that ended on 30 June 2013. In the same period in the 2011 – 2012 year it reported a profit of US$39.2m. No reason for the increase in profit was given in the notice sent to the Karachi Stock Exchange. The cement producer also saw its sales rise by 9% to US$238m from US$219m.

In its release DG Khan revealed that its board has approved plans to build a green-field 2.6Mt/yr cement plant on land the company owns at Hub, Lasbela District. Meanwhile, plans to build a cement plant in Mozambique have been dropped due to a lack of supporting infrastructure.

Saudi Arabia: Tabuk Cement Company has reported a net profit of US$28.5m for the first half of 2013, a slight rise from US$28.2m in the same period in 2012. Tabuk Cement attributed the rise to rationalisation of expenses. The cement producer's operating profit fell by 3% year-on-year to US$28.1m from US$29.0m.