
Displaying items by tag: GCW407
Cement plays the waiting game
29 May 2019There were two main takeaways from the Global Future Cement Conference that took place in Brussels last week. Firstly, there are not any obvious alternatives to using cement and concrete. Secondly, serious at-scale commercial investment on capturing CO2 process emissions from clinker production is still waiting for the right economic conditions.
Graph 1: Embodied energy versus embodied CO2 of building materials. Source: Hammond & Jones, University of Bath, UK.
Although the conference was heavily focused on Europe, the graph above explains why the cement and concrete industries are sitting pretty right now in the face of mounting environmental activism. The sector may be responsible for 5 - 10% of annual CO2 emissions but, put bluntly, there is simply no alternative. As Karen Scrivner from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) explained during her presentation, concrete uses some of the most abundant minerals present on earth, notably silicon and calcium. Alternative chemistries are simply not backed up by available materials. The cement and concrete associations have strongly promoted the unique position by focusing on the whole lifecycle of building materials.
The energy and emissions research needs to be scrutinised much more closely but, if it’s correct, there is no way to maintain modern standards of living without concrete. And, judging from the response by the French public to a badly handled meagre carbon tax on diesel by the so-called Yellow Vest movement, whacking up the price of housing or infrastructure might go down badly, especially in developing countries.
Two immediate ‘outs’ presents themselves. Cement doesn't necessarily have to be made from clinker as Robert McCaffrey’s presentation reinforced (also given at the IEEE/IAS-PCA Cement Conference this year). Future research may find alternatives to clinker and wipe out the cement business in the process. Also, the graph above is based on per kilogramme amounts of each building material. It doesn’t indicate how much of each material is required to build things. Even if clinker-based building materials are irreplaceable, there is no reason why their market share might not decrease. This could have large consequences in a market already burdened by over-capacity.
Graph 2: Comparison of cost of carbon capture technology for the cement industry. Source: European Cement Research Academy (ECRA).
Solid research into carbon capture technology is proceeding apace, from the LEILAC project at HeidelbergCement’s Lixhe plant, to oxyfuel kiln development and other methods, as Jan Theulen from HeidelbergCement demonstrated in his presentation. Off-the-shelf technologies from other industries also exist ready to be used. Today, for example, Inventys has announced plans to test its own CO2 capture technology with Lafarge Canada. Yet there are no commercial-scale installations in Europe. most likely due to the price burden it would place on the end product.
With the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) entering its fourth phase and the carbon price holding above Euro20/t the question is: when will the serious investment begin in Europe? Notably, more than a few major European cement equipment manufacturers attended the Global Future Cement Conference, yet none are offering mature products to capture CO2 emissions. Most or all have projects up their sleeves ready to be developed and sold but orders aren’t being received. The carbon price in Europe is the problem here. If it's too low then nothing happens outside of government subsidy. Too high and cement plants start being shut down because they become too expensive to run. To be fair to the cement sector other carbon emission mitigation strategies are being employed from alternative fuels usage to lowering the clinker factor and other methods but the endgame is based on reducing process emissions.
The challenge for the cement and concrete industry is to show legislators that their materials are essential and irreplaceable. They are doing this. The legislators then need to concoct ways of encouraging mass scale rollout of carbon emissions abatement technology without destroying the cement industry. This is far from certain right now. If nothing else it’s in governments’ interest to get this right because, as the Yellow Vest protests show, if they get it wrong their voters become angry. All of this is happening against the clock as CCU/S is required to get the cement industry past the 2050 2°C maximum warming target set by the Paris Agreement. In the meantime the cement industry is essentially in a holding position on the more far-reaching aspects of CO2 emissions mitigation. Its products are likely irreplaceable but its carbon capture technology has to be encouraged by governments. This means that, for most cement producers, waiting to see what happens next is the way forward.
The 3rd Future Cement Conference and Exhibition is scheduled to take place in Vienna, Austria in 2021
Former Lafarge chief Bertrand Collomb dies
29 May 2019France: Bertrand Collomb, the former president of Lafarge, has died at the age of 76 years. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of the building materials company from 1989 to 2003 and was later its president until 2007.
Collomb joined Lafarge in 1975 after various roles in government. He became the CEO of its North American subsidiary in 1985 before leading the company as a whole. Notable achievements during his tenure included the acquisition of the UK’s Redland and Blue Circle. Lafarge also set up a Chinese joint-venture in 1994 before many of its Western competitors.
Kenya: East Africa Portland Cement has appointed Stephen Nthei as its acting managing director. He succeeds Simon Peter Ole Nkeri, who was relieved of the role by the company’s board, according to the Standard newspaper. Nthei joined the company in 2007 and has held various roles, including Head of Internal Audit and Head of Financial Management. He is a Certified Public Accountant with experience working for bodies including Ernst & Young, the Central Bank of Kenya and Kenya Petroleum Refineries.
UK: Breedon Group has appointed Amit Bhatia as its non-executive chairman with immediate effect. He has served as deputy chairman since April 2018 and he succeeds Peter Tom, who has retired. Bhatia created Hope Construction Materials and served as its executive chairman for over three years until it was acquired by Breedon in mid-2016, at which point he joined the board of Breedon.
Lafarge Canada to test carbon capture plans with Inventys and Total at Richmond cement plant
29 May 2019Canada: Lafarge Canada plans to develop and demonstrate a full-cycle solution to capture and reuse CO2 from a cement plant. Project CO2MENT will demonstrate and evaluate Inventys' CO2 capture system and a selection of CO2 utilisation technologies at Lafarge's Richmond cement plant in British Colombia over the next four years. This project is being led by Inventys in partnership with Lafarge Canada and Total. It also received financial support from CCP (CO2 Capture Project), the Province of British Colombia and Canada's federal government through the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC IRAP).
"At Inventys, we see a real opportunity to build a CO2 marketplace where tonnes of CO2 are traded between emitters and users," said Inventys president and chief executive officer (CEO) Claude Letourneau.
Phase I of Project CO2MENT, the Contaminant Program, will attempt to reduce harmful organic and inorganic substances, such as sulphur dioxide, dust and soot, as well as nitrogen oxides, from cement flue gas. Phase II, the CO2 Capture Program, will separate the CO2 from flue gas using a customised-for-cement version of Inventys' carbon capture technology at pilot scale. Phase III, the CO2 Reuse Program, will prepare post-combustion CO2 for reuse and support the economical assessment and demonstration of CO2 conversion technologies onsite, such as CO2-injected concrete and fly ash.
Funding for the first two phases is complete and development of Phase I is underway. Phase I will begin operation in 2019 followed by Phase II and III in 2020.
Hong Leong Group offers to buy out Tasek
29 May 2019Malaysia: Hong Leong Group has offered to buy out the minority shareholders in Tasek. The offer values the cement producer at around US$160m, according to the Star newspaper. Hong Leong Group is controlled by Quek Leng Chan who owns an 80% stake in Tasek through Hong Leong Asia. If the minority shareholders accept the offer the the cement producer could become a private company. Tasek operates a 2.3Mt/yr integrated plant in Perak state.
Bamburi Cement pays US$3m tax bill
29 May 2019Kenya: Bamburi Cement has paid a US$3m settlement to the Kenya Revenue Authority in a long-running dispute. The figure is significantly less than the US$38.5m the tax authority originally demanded in 2012, according to the Business Daily newspaper. However, the cement producer still owes US$2.8m in penalties, although it has applied to have this waived.
Belarus/Moldova/Russia/Ukraine: Tariffs on on imported building materials from Belarus, Moldova and Russia imposed by the Ukrainian government will start on 26 June 2019, according to Interfax. The interdepartmental commission for international trade has set duties of 115% for goods originating in Russia, 57% for goods from Belarus and 94% for goods from Moldova.
Germany: Pollrich has acquired the fan product range and trademark of Rußwurm Ventilatoren. The latter company registered as insolvent in late 2018.
Following the takeover, Pollrich says it has become a leading supplier of heavy-duty industrial fans and has consolidated knowledge in the field. Customers will be able to continue to buy fans and spare parts for Ruwu and Meissner+Wurst products. Former company director Hans Jörg Rußwurm will remain the lead contact for queries regarding the takeover and the product range at a new sales office at Meitingen, Bavaria.
Australia: ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions has opened a new service centre in Brisbane. The US$0.7m centre will be used to support customers in the mining, cement and chemical industries. It includes office, warehouse and workshop space.
“This new facility enables us to co-locate our engineering and project staff with our service personnel. For our clients in the mining, cement and chemical industries this means they benefit from an integrated project life-cycle approach, incorporating the latest products and technologies. After having worked successfully with our customers in Australia for many years, this investment was a logical consequence”, says Andrew Howie, chief executive officer (CEO) of ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions Australia.