Displaying items by tag: Debts

India: The Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) in Nagpur has barred Murli Industries from selling or mortgaging its assets due to outstanding debts of over US$275m. The nine directors of the company have been asked not to leave the country without prior permission of the tribunal, according to the Times of India. Accusations of financial irregularities have also been levelled at the directors by the tribunal.

Murli Industries runs a cement plant in Chandrapur, Maharashtra that has been described by the Times as ‘practically closed down’. Workers at the unit have not been paid reportedly since the autumn of 2015. Subsequently they have preventing the company from transporting cement or raw materials out of the plant until they are compensated.

South Korea: Creditors could put Hyundai Cement on sale in 2016, according to sources quoted by the Korea Herald. The South Korean cement producer has been on a debt management scheme. Its creditors, led by the state-run Korea Development Bank, will be able to complete any sale when the lock-up period on their shares in the company expire at the end of 2016.

Previously the company suffered financially from the misfortunes of its affiliate Sungwoo Engineering & Construction. Sungwoo has since been sold to other investors.

Spain: The refinancing of a Euro825m loan of cement producer Cementos Portland Valderrivas has stalled. Fomento de Construcciones & Contratas SA (FCC) offered a 10% ‘haircut’ to the loan which matures in July 2016 but the offer has been rejected by the company’s creditors. FCC, a Spanish civil engineering group, owns an 80% stake in Cementos Portland Valderrivas.

More than 50% of the debt of Portland is now in hands of so called ‘vulture funds’ such as Apollo, Davidson and Avenue whose return requirements are different than those of traditional banks. After a recent Euro709m capital hike FCC has set aside around Euro300m to appease creditors, according to the Expansión newspaper.

Nigeria: Lafarge Africa is marketing a US$302m bond to refinance some of the US Dollar-denominated debt held by its subsidiary United Company of Nigeria (UNICEM), which it bought in 2015. Chief finance officer Anders Kristiansson said that there was strong interest for the bond and that book-building was expected to open in the second week of May 2016.

The cement maker said it had received approval from Nigeria's Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for a US$500m bond, but will issue US$302m for five-years. "We are in the process of restructuring the UNICEM debt,” explained Kristiansson. "We want to refinance the US Dollar borrowings that we have in UNICEM."

China: Courts have ordered Shandong Shanshui Cement Group to pay back its creditors US$372m, the company said in a statement reported by Reuters. Shandong Shanshui Cement said it was unlikely to be able to make the required payments due to financial troubles. The courts will now start to auction off the company’s assets.

Bond defaults by a subsidiary of Shanshui Cement Group had led creditors to seek legal redress. Shandong Shanshui Cement's statement to the Shanghai Clearing House described almost 100 lawsuits against the company. The total amount sought is around US$764m.

Cemex has taken action towards its debts over the course of the last week. First, it announced that it had amended its credit agreements in order to delay the looming effects of consolidated financial leverage and coverage ratio limits by one year to March 2017 with other similar deadlines also delayed. Then it announced the pricing of US$1bn of Senior Secured Notes due in 2026, a form of secured borrowing. This was followed by confirmation of asset sales in Bangladesh and Thailand. Finally, it announced that it was seeking regulatory permission to sell a minority stake in its subsidiary in the Philippines.

This column has discussed the on-going financial travails at Cemex a few times, notably recently when the group released its fourth quarter results for 2015 and in the wake of HeidelbergCement’s announcement to buy Italcementi. Basically, it all comes down to debt, as the following graph shows.

Figure 1 - Cemex assets, debt and equity, 2006 - 2015

Cemex took on large amounts of debt following its acquisition of Rinker in 2007. Since then the value of its assets have been falling faster than it has been able to reduce its debts. However, its equity (assets minus debts) is looking like it might dip below its debts in 2016. Hence, action needs to be taken. Cemex appears to have attempted to do this over the last week. Will it be enough?

The credit amendment was probably the most pressing issue for the Cemex management given that the terms have been reliant on maintaining a leverage ratio (debt divided by assets) below a set limit. Cemex has extended the terms of the borrowing in its favour so it can keep the leverage ratio higher for longer without penalty from its creditors. Note that the leverage ratio here means the ratio between debt and operating earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBIDTA).

Selling assets and shares in Asia is the next step in cutting debt in the window the group has negotiated for itself. It holds minor cement production assets in Thailand and Bangladesh that it is selling to Siam City Cement for US$53m. These include a 0.8Mt/yr integrated cement plant in Saraburi, Thailand and a 0.52Mt/yr cement grinding plant in Madangonj, Bangladesh. Unfortunately for Cemex it purchased the Saraburi plant for US$77m in 2001 from Saraburi Cement making it a loss of at least US$24m.

A minority sale of shares in its Philippines assets is more promising. The group runs two integrated cement plants in the country, the Solid Cement Plant in Rizal and the APO Cement Plant in Cebu with a combined cement production capacity of 6.23Mt/yr and a new 1.5Mt/yr production line on the way at Solid Cement also. Local media estimate that the sale could earn Cemex as much as US$850m from the booming market. The Cement Manufacturer's Association of the Philippines reported that cement sales volumes grew by 14.3% to 24.4Mt in 2015 with more growth predicted for 2016.

The credit amendment and asset sales of US$0.9bn may give Cemex the breathing room it requires to keep the creditors at bay for a while longer. It originally refinanced its debts in 2009 at the height of the financial crisis to keep the business running until the markets picked up again. They haven’t. A question that might be legitimately asked at Cemex’s analyst day later this week, on 17 March 2016, is this: when is Cemex going to seriously tackle its debts? As the situation continues the group may end up devoting more time to managing its debts than it will to actually making cement and other building products.

Russia: Eurocement and Sberbank CIB, Sberbank’s corporate and investment banking business have agreed on conditions for restructuring the company’s loan portfolio. The restructuring involves postponing the repayment of loans worth a total of US$592m and US$360m for up to six years, as well as optimising interest rates for the company’s loan portfolio at Sberbank.

“Sberbank CIB is a strategic partner of Eurocement. This agreement will help us cut debt servicing costs and minimise the influence of negative macroeconomic factors on our company,” commented Mikhail Skorokhod, President of Eurocement. The conditions for restructuring the debt portfolio will enable Eurocement to take a more flexible approach to financing its operational activities and help it achieve strategic goals.

India: Jaiprakash Associates has missed an interest payment due on 7 March 2016 on its bonds worth US$150m. The interest will be paid later from the proceeds of its recent US$2.4bn sale of cement assets, the company said in a statement.

"Interest was payable on the bonds on the semi-annual interest payment date of 7 March 2016. The issuer wishes to inform you that it has not paid such interest. The issuer intends to engage in discussions with holders of the bonds," the statement said. The convertible bonds are due for redemption in 2017.

Jaiprakash Associates announced in late February 2016 that it was selling the majority of its 22.4Mt/yr cement portfolio to UltraTech Cement for US$2.4bn.The group has an estimated debt of US$11bn as of 31 March 2015, according to a Credit Suisse House of Debt report dated 21 October 2015.

Cemex trumpeted last week that it had returned to positive net income for the first time in six years in its fourth quarter results for 2015. In effect the multinational building materials company was saying it is putting its house in order following taking on too much debt in the late 2000s. Similar reassuring noises have repeatedly been made as it has cut its debts down since that time.

The figure Cemex was shouting about this time was its controlling interest net income or the net income attributable to the controlling shareholder. It has risen to a gain of US$75m after being negative, or in loss, since 2010. In that year the sting from the financial crash in 2008 caused havoc and net sales for the company hit a low of US$14bn, having been at over US$20bn in the boom times of 2007 and 2008.

Meanwhile, the company has been steadily whittling away at its total debt reducing it down to just US$15.3bn in 2015. This is a massive figure given that its total equity was US$9.5bn in 2015.

By comparison, Lafarge was reporting a net debt of Euro9.3bn in 2014 compared to a total equity of Euro17.3bn. Its debt-to-equity ratio was far smaller than Cemex’s despite being perceived as the weaker partner financially going into the merger with Holcim in 2015. Unsurprisingly, it was news in August 2015 when Cemex refinanced a bank loan agreement for a US$15bn debt that was previously renegotiated in 2009. Everyone is watching Cemex’s debts keenly.

Against this financial backdrop Cemex’s cement business has been steadily producing fairly static levels of cement since 2009. It 2015 it has reported that it produced 66Mt. However, net sales fell in 2015 by 8% year-on-year to US$14bn, a disappointing result following sales growth since 2012. Fernando A Gonzalez, Cemex’s Chief Executive Officer, blamed it on a ‘challenging’ macroeconomic environment.

Notably overall net sales have been down in Mexico, Northern Europe and Central and South America in 2015. Although Cemex hasn’t released cement sales volumes, volumes fell by 3% in Northern Europe, 2% in its Mediterranean region and 4% in Central and South America in 2015. Thankfully, growth continued to pick up the US, bolstered by housing and infrastructure spending. The Philippines has remained a powerhouse in cement consumption in Asia.

Reviewing Cemex’s expansion projects in 2015 suggest muted capital expenditure with a focus on upgrades and side projects rather than clinker production growth. Such announcements included projects in Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Mexico. The exception was in the Philippines where a full-on US$300m project including a new 1.5Mt/yr plant was announced in May 2015. Given the surging cement volume sales in the country this is likely a safe investment.

As discussed previously in this column and elsewhere Cemex has suffered from high debts at exactly the time its major international rivals have started to merge. At the same time its Chinese rivals in terms of production capacity have undergone similar capacity consolidation as part of state mandated capacity reduction initiatives. This has left Cemex between the mega-cement producers like LafargeHoclim and HeidelbergCement and the up-and-comers such as Eurocement or Votorantim.

Now, its reliance on markets in the Americas it hitting a roadblock from reducing growth south of the US as global commodity prices tumble and economies suffer. It couldn’t have happened at a worse time for the company. Bar the odd bright spot such as the US and the Philippines it seems that all Cemex can do is wait it out.

In early 2014 the top of the global cement producer charts looked very different to how it does today. The big four multinationals, Lafarge, Holcim, HeidelbergCement and Cemex, were clearly out in front and ahead of the rest of the global top 10. While there was discrepancy in their sizes, the largest, Lafarge (224Mt/yr) had just over twice the cement capacity of fourth-placed Cemex (95Mt/yr), with Holcim (218Mt/yr) and HeidelbergCement (122Mt/yr) between these extremes.¹ With an impressive 659Mt/yr of capacity between them, these four accounted for just shy of half of global cement capacity outside of China.

However, as those with even a passing interest in the cement sector will know, this is no longer the case. The merger between Lafarge and Holcim and the subsequent acquisition of Italcementi by HeidelbergCement has stretched out the range of the top producers significantly. Today LafargeHolcim has around 340Mt/yr of installed capacity and HeidelbergCement 200Mt/yr. Meanwhile Cemex is still 'stuck in the 90s,' with a capacity of around 92Mt/yr following the sale of its Croatian cement assets last week. The Mexican 'giant' is now almost a quarter of the size of LafargeHolcim. What does this mean for the world's number three (excluding Chinese producers) and what might the future hold?

Well... the old adage goes that you have to move forward to stand still. However, Cemex has not moved forward over the past two years, meaning that is hasn't kept up the pace with its immediate rivals. It hasn't been able to, hemmed in by the debt that it took on from its poorly-timed acquisition of Rinker in 2007. Indeed, Cemex is looking to contract further, with aims to shed a further Euro600 - 1100m of non-core assets in 2015.² Against improved positions at LafargeHolcim and HeidelbergCement, Cemex increasingly looks like an 'Americas specialist' rather than a full-blown multinational. A stake in Cemex LatAm Holdings is up for sale, but the sale of more cement plants may also be on the way. This is all being done to improve Cemex's investment grade rating from B-plus, four grades below investment grade.

If Cemex does have to shed further physical assets on the ground, it is very unlikely that it would chose to do so in the Americas, where it is a very major player. It is number one in Mexico, third in the US and well-postitioned in numerous growth markets in Central America. If push comes to shove, it is far more likely that it would sell assets that are further from home. These are in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East.

Cemex has 43% of its production capacity outside the Americas. Certain assets, such as those in Thailand, Bangladesh and the Philippines, may be appealing to CRH, which is already set to acquire LafargeHolcim divestments there and is known to be considering other purchases in the region.³ Cemex also owns several cement plants in better-performing EU economies like Germany and the UK. In Germany, the company has already completed a small downsizing exercise by selling its Kollenbach plant to Holcim (LafargeHolcim). Meanwhile, Cemex UK is a major player in the UK, where the Competition Commission has recently been very keen to increase the number of producers. Elsewhere, Cemex's share in Assuit Cement in Egypt could provide much needed revenue, as could its small stake in the Emirati markets.

Thinking more radically, and in keeping with the current trend of mega-mergers and large-scale acquisitions, could Cemex find itself the target of the next global cement mega-merger / acquisition? Certainly, its strength in Central and South America completely complements HeidelbergCement's lack of coverage here, making a future 'HeidelbergCemex' a potential winner.

The other option, if/when Cemex regains its investment rating, would be for Cemex to acquire or merge with a company further down the list of global cement produers. Africa is an obvious target, with rapid growth and a lack of Cemex assets at present. A foreigner buying up Dangote is probably out of the question, but PPC would be an interesting target, as would increasingly isolated Brazilian producers that could help shore up Cemex's South American position.

If the past 18 months in the global cement industry have shown anything, it is that we should expect the unexpected. It will be very interesting to see how all players, both large and small, will react to the recent goings on in the rest of 2015 and beyond.

1. 1. Saunders A.; 'Top 75 Cement Producers,' in Global Cement Magazine – December 2013. Epsom, UK, December 2013.

1. 2. Reuters website, 'Mexico's Cemex could sell part of business to pay down debt: CEO,' 10 February 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/11/us-mexico-cemex-idUSKBN0LF05320150211.

1. 3. Global Cement website, 'CRH investment spend set to pass Euro7bn with South Korea cement deal,' 12 June 2015, http://www.globalcement.com/news/item/3721-crh-investment-spend-set-to-pass-euro7bn-with-south-korea-cement-deal.