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With the UK going to the polls on 7 May 2015 in a general election what does this all mean for the local cement industry? Some of the main issues for a buoyant cement industry are market demand, energy costs and government interference through issues like taxation or restrictions on international trading.

Probably the first big problem facing the UK cement industry would be construction market uncertainty following any prolonged post-electoral negotiations. At the time of writing the polls predict that neither of the main political parties will be able to form a legislative majority without the formation of some sort of coalition with a number of minority parties. This also has relevance for eventual policy, so more on this later. Additional political deadlock might also arise from the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), potentially the largest minority party, and their demands for further political devolution from the rest of the UK.

Following this, the main two political parties, the Conservatives and Labour, are fairly similar from their manifesto statements advocating deficit reduction, no major new taxes and a continuation of carbon emission targets. If either party gets in, general government should continue as before with major infrastructure projects carrying on as planned and an emphasis on the economy or public spending respectively.

Differences start to emerge with the Conservative Party, a centre-right group with a liberal economic agenda, promising a national referendum on continued membership of the European Union (EU) that could lead to Britain leaving the EU in a so-called Brexit. This could cause complications for businesses with strong European links such as the cement industry. However a 'Brexit' might not be all bad news for heavy energy users as they could potentially renegotiate their carbon emission targets.

Meanwhile, the Labour Party, a centre-left group, immediately takes a negative point since its current leader held a senior economic post in the Labour government in the build-up to the crash in 2008. Since that time three integrated cement plants in the UK have closed. Back to the current election, threats to reform the consumer energy markets might have knock-on effects for business consumers. However, traditionally the Labour Party encourages higher spending that might lead to more large-scale infrastructure projects like the much-maligned High Speed Two railway line from London to the north. These kinds of projects would need lots of cement.

If any of the other minority parties get to carry an influence in a coalition they may be able to influence certain policies as the price for their support. For example, a UKIP right-wing coalition would demand a EU referendum. A Green left-wing coalition would push for decarbonisation energy policies and/or anti-fracking measures. Both of these outcomes could have effects on cement production. The other issue that minority regional players in a coalition might have is concerning changes to cement plants in their part of the world. For example, threats to shut a cement plant in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland might then gain a higher profile to any administration that includes the SNP, the Democratic Unionist Party in Northern Ireland or Plaid Cymru in Wales.

In summary, it is easy to identify what the UK cement industry wants but far harder to determine what will happen after the election. Assuming there is a government that is! The country holds a mature cement industry with limited infrastructure opportunities. Barring real political change such as a Green surge it will be business as usual on 8 May 2015. Cement kilns will keep turning.

Italy: Cementir Holding has appointed Francesco Caltagirone Jr as Chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), Carlo Carlevaris as Vice Chairman and Riccardo Nicolini as General Manager. Paolo Di Benedetto has been appointed as 'Lead Independent Director'. Chief financial officer Massimo Sala has been appointed as the corporate accounting documents officer for 2015.

The board of directors at Cementir have also established the following internal committees.

Executive Committee: Francesco Caltagirone Jr (Chairman), Mario Delfini and Riccardo Nicolini.

Control and Risk Committee: Paolo Di Benedetto (Chairman), Veronica De Romanis and Chiara Mancini.

Nominations and Compensation Committee: Paolo Di Benedetto (Chairman), Veronica De Romanis, Chiara Mancini and Mario Delfini.

Oman: Raysut Cement's operating profit fell by 26.7% in the first quarter of 2015 on a 100% increase in the price of natural gas supplied by the government and rising transportation costs. Group operating profit fell to US$15.6m from US$21.4m in the same period of 2014.

'This is mainly due to the increase in natural gas price by the government to US$3/MMBtu from US$1.5/MMBtu effective from 1 January 2015 and increases in other costs," said Raysut Cement said in its directors' report.

The report said that the quarter that ended on 31 March 2015 was very challenging compared with any of the previous quarters in the recent past. "Gas is a significant component of cost and the price was doubled. Transportation costs are on the rise due to restrictions on tonnage and the cascading effects of all have significant bearing on the cost of the product." In addition, the company said that the disturbances in Yemen, one of Raysut Cement's main export markets, have had a bearing on sales volumes.

During the quarter, group revenue fell by 1.6% to US$63.5m from US$64.5m in the same period of 2014. "Given the situation, the company has done extremely well in the first quarter to reach a level of revenue which is close to that of the previous year. By positioning the products in appropriate markets the average price realisation improved, neutralising the effect of cost increase to an extent. On the other hand, severe competition from UAE suppliers is continuing."

Raysut Cement sold 976,019t of cement and 3958t of clinker during the first quarter of 2015 compared to 100,6024t of cement and 7384t of clinker in the corresponding period of 2014. This represents a decrease by 2.98% in cement and 46.4% increase in clinker.

Ukraine: Podilskiy Cement has reported a loss of Euro121m for 2014, having upped its net revenue by 12.1% year-on-year to Euro53.8m. In 2013, it reported a loss of Euro4.95m. Podilskiy Cement has six cement kilns with a total capacity of 3.7Mt/yr. It is controlled by Ireland's CRH.

Vietnam: Vietnam produced 19.9Mt of cement in the first four months of 2015, up by 5.3% from the same period of 2014, including 5.9Mt in April 2015, according to the government-run General Statistics Office. The Ministry of Construction has predicted that Vietnam's sales of cement and clinker will rise by 1.5 - 4% to 72 - 74Mt in 2015, of which domestic sales will rise by 4.5 - 6.5% to 53 - 54Mt, while exports will be at 19 - 20Mt.

US/Canada: Lafarge and Holcim have received final approval for their proposed merger from the competition authorities in the US and Canada. All competition approvals necessary for closing the transaction have now been obtained ahead of the expected closing in July 2015.

Following the regulatory assessment in all key jurisdictions, Holcim and Lafarge can now present a final list of divestments to satisfy regulatory requirements. These divestments remain subject to the completion of the merger, including a successful public exchange offering to Lafarge's shareholders and approval by Holcim's shareholders.

Mexico: Cemex has announced that in the first quarter of 2015, which ended on 31 March 2015, it achieved higher prices in local currency terms in most operations, as well as higher volumes in Mexico, the US and Asia.

Cemex's consolidated net sales reached US$3.4bn during the first quarter of 2015, an increase of 7% year-on-year on a like-for-like basis for ongoing operations and adjusting for currency fluctuations. Operating earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) increased by 6% year-on-year to US$569m. On a like-for-like basis, operating EBITDA increased by 14% in the same period. On a like-for-like basis, operating earnings before other expenses, net, in the first quarter increased by 33% to US$335m.

Cemex has reported a narrower controlling interest net loss of US$149m during the first quarter of 2015 from a loss of US$293m in the same period of 2014. Its controlling interest net income was a loss of US$149m, an improvement over a loss of US$293m in the same period of 2014.

"We are pleased with our first-quarter results," said Fernando A Gonzalez, CEO of Cemex. "Our net sales increased by 7% year-on-year, while operating EBITDA improved by 14% on a like-for-like basis. EBITDA generation was the highest since 2008, despite adverse currency fluctuations. We are encouraged by the performance of our operations in Mexico, where first-quarter cement volumes grew by 13%, reaching the highest level in six years. This quarter, on top of the sustained increase in our volumes to the industrial, commercial and formal residential sectors, we also saw growth in the infrastructure and informal residential sectors. Cement demand from the infrastructure sector grew by 6%, marking an inflection point driven by increased public-works spending, while demand from the informal residential sector grew by 11% as a result of higher consumer confidence due to improvements in employment, disposable income and remittances."

Net sales in Mexico increased by 4% in the first quarter of 2015 to US$766m, compared with US$737m in the first quarter of 2014. Operating EBITDA increased by 4% to US$262m.

Cemex's operations in the US reported net sales of US$868m in the first quarter of 2015, up by 10% from the same period in 2014. Operating EBITDA increased to US$64m in the quarter compared to US$28m in the same quarter of 2014.

In Northern Europe, Cemex's net sales for the first quarter decreased by 23% to US$701m, compared with US$912m in the first quarter of 2014. Operating EBITDA was US$36m compared to US$13m in 2014. On a like-for-like basis for the ongoing operations and adjusting for currency fluctuations, net sales remained flat and operating EBITDA increased 80% year-on-year.

First quarter net sales in the Mediterranean region were US$375m, 9% lower than the US$412m in the first quarter of 2014. Operating EBITDA decreased by 11% to US$73m for the quarter. On a like-for-like basis, for the ongoing operations and adjusting for currency fluctuations, net sales increased by 2% and operating EBITDA decreased by 3%.

Cemex's operations in South, Central America and the Caribbean reported net sales of US$468m during the first quarter of 2015, representing a 13% decrease over the same period of 2014. Operating EBITDA decreased by 21% to US$148m in the first quarter of 2015, from US$187m in the first quarter of 2014.

Operations in Asia reported a 13% increase in net sales for the first quarter of 2015 to US$164m and operating EBITDA rose by 43% year-on-year to US$37m.

Philippines: Cemex Philippines has recently completed a US$67.3m cement mill at its Apo cement plant in Naga, Cebu as part of its comprehensive expansion plan in the country. The mill increases the capacity of the Cemex Apo plant by 1.5Mt/yr and Cemex's production capacity in the Philippines by 40%.

"We in Cemex are proud improving the standards of life of the people, proud of producing and distributing valuable products and services and doing it in a way that has a positive impact to our communities," said Pedro Palomino, Cemex Philippines president. Aside from the cement mill in Cebu, Cemex Philippines has also finished the construction of new marine distribution terminals located in Manila, Iloilo and Davao amounting to a total of US$22.4m.

Italy: Buzzi Unicem's offer to buy local Sacci has expired after being rejected by the banks and creditors. Buzzi is no longer bound to any commitment. Buzzi Unicem filed a binding offer in March 2015 to acquire 99.5% of Sacci for Euro120m, planning to fund the deal with available cash and/or existing credit facilities. Sacci has been undergoing debt restructuring under Italy's bankruptcy act. The deal was subject to approval by the anti-trust authority and the banks and creditors involved in the debt restructuring of Sacci.

Cameroon: Cameroon's demand for cement has risen dramatically despite the increasing volume of imports and local production, according to sources at the Ministry of Economy and Planning. According to the ministry, Cameroon's cement demand grows by 8%/yr and the country currently has a deficit of 2.5 – 3Mt. In 2014, local cement production was estimated at 1.3Mt and imports were around 1.2Mt.

Despite the government's bid to ban imports to boost domestic production, foreign producers continue to have significant market share in the country, importing to almost 1.3Mt in 2014 compared with 561,190t of cement in 2011. Cameroon's cement production is presently estimated at 3.6Mt/yr.