Displaying items by tag: Production

Alpacem said this week that it had completed its acquisition of the Fanna cement plant near Pordenone. The 0.66Mt/yr integrated plant and a number of ready-mixed concrete plants became part of the Austria-headquartered group at the start of February 2025. Alpacem now has three integrated plants, with units at Wietersdorf in Austria and Anhovo in Slovenia, in addition to Fanna.

The deal dates back to mid-2023 when Alpacem said it had signed an agreement with Buzzi. In return Buzzi was set to receive a 25% stake in Alpacem Zement Austria. Prior to this the two companies had a strategic partnership in Austria and Slovenia that dated back to 2014. At the time of the agreement Buzzi held a 25% share in each of two Alpacem subsidiaries: Salonit Anhovo in Slovenia; and W&P Cementi in Italy. The Fanna plant was originally owned by Cementizillo before it was bought by Buzzi in 2018.

Also this week, Federbeton warned that the high cost of gas would add €80m/yr to the cost of cement production. Nicola Zampella, General Manager of Federbeton and the cement association AITEC, noted that local energy costs would reduce the competitiveness of producers against imports from outside of the European Union (EU). This ties into comments Stefano Gallini, the president of Federbeton, made in December 2024 when he highlighted the growing share of imports from outside the EU.

Federbeton raised the issue in its annual report for 2023, showing that imports rose to a 19% production share in 2023. Italy produced 18.8Mt of and imported 3.6Mt of cement and clinker in 2023. This is its highest level of imports for at least a decade. Over the same period the country’s cement exports, as a share of production, have remained steady at around 10 - 11%. In 2023 Türkiye was the biggest source of imports (25%) followed by Greece (17%), Slovenia (17%), Tunisia (12%) and Algeria (10%).

Graph 1: Cement production, imports and exports in Italy, 2019 - 2023. Source: Federbeton.

It is worth recalling that the cement sector in Italy used to be larger before it started consolidating in the late 2000s. Italcementi was acquired by Germany-based Heidelberg Materials. Operations by Sacci, Cementir and Cemenzillo were all bought out too. Local cement production reached a high of 47.9Mt in 2006 before it stabilised at around 20Mt/yr from 2015 onwards.

In its preliminary results for 2024, out this week too, Buzzi reported that the construction market In Italy probably shrank in 2024 due to a poor residential housing market. However, the cement company managed to keep its local net sales stable by raising prices and focusing on exports. Despite this, it noted a drop in cement and concrete sales volumes at the end of 2024. More data on the construction market in Italy may emerge when Heidelberg Materials releases its 2024 financial results at the end of February 2025.

The backdrop to this has been a rise in gas prices in Europe towards the end of 2024 as the EU ‘emergency’ price cap finished on 31 January 2025. Around the same time the EU is preparing to reveal information on its Clean Industry Deal towards the end of February 2025. Plus, the first active phase of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is preparing to enter into force from the start of 2026. Each of these issues has implications for the cement sector in Italy as the location associations have been highlighting. One question will be whether the Clean Industry Deal can help producers cope with mounting energy prices. Another will be whether CBAM will change the proportion of imports for countries like Italy or will the sources of the imports simply change. Plenty to consider for the year ahead.

Myanmar: The government will allow coal imports for cement plants from February 2025 in order to increase production, according to local news reports. Cement plants which need coal can apply for an import licence. The country's 16 private and three state-run cement plants produce less than 8Mt/yr, while national consumption exceeds 10Mt/yr, requiring cement plants to operate at full capacity.

Tajikistan: The Ministry of Industry and New Technologies has blamed falling cement production in Tajikistan on growth in production in neighbouring Uzbekistan. It also noted rising output in Afghanistan, according to Asia-Plus. Local production fell by 2% year-on-year to 4.35Mt in 2024 from 4.46Mt in 2023. Ministry data shows that exports of cement from Tajikistan dropped by 30% to 0.29Mt from 0.66Mt. In November 2024 Uzbekistan sharply increased customs clearance fees on Tajik cement to US$300/t from US$35/t.

Vietnam: The general director of Vietnam Cement Industry Corporation (VICEM), Nguyen Thanh Tung, says that Vietnam will suffer continued cement overcapacity amid high production costs in 2025. Full-year production is forecast at 125Mt, 96% greater than an expected domestic demand of 63.5Mt. Việt Nam News has reported that Vietnam’s cement exports face an on-going investigation in Taiwan, and are already subject to anti-dumping duties in the Philippines.

VICEM aims to raise its domestic clinker sales volumes by 8% year-on-year to 18Mt, in order to generate sales of US$1.16bn. To this end, Tung urged the government to adopt cement reinforcement in roadbuilding, as well as lifting the export tax on cement.

Poland: The Polish cement industry predicts a 5% increase in production in 2025, to nearly 18Mt, driven by anticipated economic growth and potential EU fund unblocking under a national recovery plan.

Poland's statistics office reported cement production of 16.5Mt at the end of November 2024, a 5.6% year-on-year increase. The main factor impacting Poland's cement production volume was a weak construction industry and a significant increase in imports from Ukraine. According to a report by EY Poland, cement imports from Ukraine increased from just 300t in 2015 to almost 0.33Mt in 2023. Ukraine's share of cement imports to Poland in 2023 reached 29%, almost equalling the volume of supplies from Germany.

Iraq: The General Company for Iraqi Cement, a subsidiary of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals, reported a 7% year-on-year increase in cement production in 2024, to 10.2Mt. Director Aqil Raddam attributed the growth to successful efforts to raise productivity to meet local market demand, Iraqi News reports.

Saudi Arabia: Cement sales increased by 12% year-on-year in the fourth quarter of 2024, reaching 14.87Mt, Arab News reports. Sales were primarily driven by domestic demand, which accounted for 96% of total sales. Exports contributed the remaining 4%, according to data from Al-Yamama Cement. For the full year, cement sales grew by 3.7% to 51.2Mt.

Al-Yamama Cement led the domestic market in the fourth quarter of 2024, with a 13% share and sales of 1.83Mt, up by 22% year-on-year. Qassim Cement, after acquiring Hail Cement, held an 11% share with 1.63Mt of sales. Yanbu Cement, Southern Cement, and Al Jouf Cement followed.

During the same period, Saudi Cement dominated in exports with 0.49Mt, representing 80% of total shipments and a 71% year-on-year increase. Clinker production grew by 7% year-on-year in the fourth quarter of 2024 to 14.9Mt, while clinker exports fell by 28% to 1.15Mt.

Amr Nader, CEO of cement consultancy A3&Co, said “These figures may not fully align with the anticipated surge in demand from ambitious infrastructure projects. Megaprojects such as NEOM, the Red Sea project, and FIFA World Cup-related developments require vast quantities of construction materials. The maximum anticipated demand in the next five years is 78Mt/yr.”

Azerbaijan: Cement production reached 4.03Mt in 2024, up by 1.6% year-on-year, according to the State Statistics Committee. The total value of the construction materials sector rose by 17% to US$823m. Production of bricks and similar products from cement and concrete increased by 41%, while cement clinker output grew by 16%.

Peru: National cement despatches reached 0.97Mt in December 2024, a 0.1% year-on-year increase, according to the Cement Producers Association (Asocem). Total despatches in 2024 were nearly 12Mt, marking just a 0.01% rise compared to 2023, indicating stagnation in the sector.

Asocem members produced almost 0.92Mt of cement in December 2024, a 1% year-on-year decrease, and recorded a 3% decline in 2024 to 11Mt. Cement exports from members rose by 70% year-on-year in December 2024 to 0.13Mt, but fell by 8% for the full year. Imports increased to 3000t in December 2024, up by 22% year-on-year, and grew by 29% over 2024, with Chile as the sole supplier.

Clinker production by Asocem members dropped by 30% year-on-year in December 2024 to 0.66Mt, and by 8% over the 2024 period. No clinker was exported by Asocem members, a 100% year-on-year decrease from December 2023. Clinker imports surged by 376% year-on-year in December 2024 to 0.2Mt, sourced from South Korea (44%), Japan (24%), Ecuador (19%) and Turkey (13%).

Iran: The country’s cement production capacity has reached 90Mt/yr, with 85% of machinery and parts manufactured domestically, according to Majid Vafapour, head of the Cement Industry Employers Association.

Vafapour said domestic demand is fully met, with any surplus exported. He noted that reduced infrastructure activity due to funding constraints has driven higher exports.

Vafapour said “If international challenges are resolved and domestic projects regain momentum, the current 90Mt/yr capacity could be fully utilised for domestic consumption.”

Efficiency initiatives, including the use of additives, could boost output by 20% without new facilities, according to The Tehran Times. However, energy supply disruptions have left over 30 kilns idle, according to Vafapour, and clinker reserves have dropped below strategic levels.