Lafarge's annual report summed up the European malaise this week: too much debt; too little growth.

The world's biggest cement company posted a Euro3m loss for the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to a Euro62m profit for the same quarter in 2010. Overall for the full year in 2011 its income fell by 28%. Yet all of this occurred in the same year that the group sold the bulk of its gypsum assets for over a quarter of a billion Euros! All of which went into the group's debt reduction of Euro2bn.

Compare this to 2010 when Lafarge recorded a 12% increase in net profit for the year and the group was expecting an increase in cement demand of 6%. Chief Executive Bruno Lafont's words were, "The steps we have taken in 2010, ranging from structural cost savings to strategic investments in growing markets such as Brazil will provide the foundation for further improvement and growth as we enter 2011."

6% growth did happen in 2011 but only in the emerging markets in the Middle East and Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia. Overall sales growth remained at 3%, dragged down by sales decreases in North America and western Europe. Understandably Lafarge's outlook for 2012 remains muted.

All this gloom was compounded by the UK Competition Commission raising its concerns about the joint-venture between Anglo-American and Lafarge. With Lafarge expecting 'higher pricing' for 2012 any move with even a whiff of anti-competitive behaviour will draw in the watchdogs. With western European sales down by 2% in 2011 the challenge remains for the group, and for all cement producers, to somehow find profit once more in the mature markets.

US: Doug Black, currently chief executive of CRH's Americas Materials Division, has been appointed to the newly created position of president and chief operating officer of Oldcastle Inc, the holding company for CRH's operations in the Americas. Black will report to Mark Towe, chief executive officer of Oldcastle. Aged 47, Black joined Oldcastle in 1995 and has held a series of key leadership positions at Oldcastle and in the Precast, Architectural Products (APG) and Materials operations.

CRH, the international building materials group, has announced a number of changes within its management team in the United States, effective from 20 February 2012. Commenting on these changes, Myles Lee, CRH chief executive said, "These appointments and subsequent follow-on changes strengthen our organisational structure and enhance our ability to execute our strategies and achieve long-term performance and growth."

It's official: Dangote Cement intends to build the 'biggest cement plant in the world' at Obajana, Nigeria by 2014! What exactly does this mean?

The news emerged at the opening of the company's new Ibese plant on Thursday 9 February 2012. Itself no minnow, the Ibese plant has a capacity of 6Mt/yr, boosting Dangote's production by 40% in Nigeria. Yet within the next two years Dangote plans to increase Obajana's capacity from 10Mt/yr to 15Mt/yr, making it the largest by installed capacity, according to company chairman Aliko Dangote.

Unfortunately Obajana's mighty ambition to meet 15Mt/yr looks miniscule compared to the total capacity of Anhui Conch Cement in China with its gargantuan 70Mt/yr from 36 dry kilns. Flicking through the Global Cement Directory 2012 reveals at least five plants with capacities over 15Mt/yr in Japan and China. Dangote likely meant 'capacity per kiln' but the comment reveals the variety of ways that scale in a cement plant can be determined.

Regardless, there is no question that Dangote's cement is needed. In January 2012 Global Cement Weekly reported Nigerian price rises of 25%. Around the same time of the Ibese opening Nigeria's National Bureau of Statistics reported that 60.9% of Nigerians in 2010 were living in 'absolute poverty', a rise from 54.7% in 2004. From national infrastructure improvements to jobs (as mentioned in our other Dangote news story this week from Zambia) 6Mt/yr of extra cement is sure to be welcome, especially if the extra capacity brings prices down to affordable levels.

Spain: The Spanish cement producer Cementos Portland Valderrivas has announced that it will appoint Juan Bejar Ochoa as its executive chairman. Bejar will replace Dieter Kiefer, who will leave the company after four years at the helm. Juan Bejar joined the company recently in January 2012.

The changes in Cementos Portland's top management come at a tough moment for the firm given the slump in cement sales on the domestic market, as well as the problems at its production sites in Tunisia.

Jordan: Toufic Ahmed Tabbara has been appointed as the CEO of Lafarge for Jordan. Tabbara will assume this new role in February 2012 and will be responsible for both cement and concrete. Before this new appointment, Tabbara worked at several roles across the Lafarge group in various countries.

Tabbara started his career as a financial analyst with Republic National Bank of New York in London. In 1998, he joined Lafarge as Manager of Strategy and Development of Gypsum Activity in Reston, US. He then worked at several managerial roles in Lafarge Group in US, Canada and Egypt.

Tabbara holds a BA degree in Business Administration from the American University of Beirut, Lebanon and an MBA degree from American Graduate School of International Management.

The news that China is considering more stringent NOx emission regulations for cement plants is encouraging – and not just for the environment. Other cement industries, such as those in western Europe, have been subject to the most stringent environmental regulations on the planet for many decades now. Elsewhere, the US cement industry is currently locked in battle with the Environmental Protection Agency over stringent new emissions targets. Now it looks like China, with a cement capacity of ~2000Mt/yr and the highest share of CO2 emissions in the world, might be accelerating its progress down the 'green' route.

The new Chinese NOx regulations could reportedly see a third wiped off the cement industry's massive net profits by 2015 and cause 'huge pressure' for the industry according to the Chinese Vice Minister of Environment Protection. With most industries in China currently operating outside meaningful environmental limits, the move towards lower emissions in China is likely to be unpleasantly costly. Indeed China has already said that it is committed to closing the least efficient 33% of its cement capacity by 2015.

If new regulations go ahead and are effectively enforced, they will prompt Chinese producers to act locally while they close or improve their plants, diverting attention away from exports and expansion overseas. In the short to medium term, this will dampen the competitiveness of the Chinese industry and allow neighbouring countries some respite against Chinese exports. The move to clean up China's cement industry (and industries in general) will also require environmental know-how, something that established European and US-based companies are well placed to provide.

Another notable story this week comes from the US, where a concrete producer has recently been given the go-ahead to set up a captive cement plant. Ozinga Bros. Inc. says that if and when concrete demand returns to the US, it wants to be able to secure its own cement supplies. In the last boom it had to import cement from the Far East to fulfil its contracts, with crippling transport costs. Company owner Martin Ozinga IV described the plans as 'a survival move' – perhaps going against the grain is the only way for the company to survive.

Romania: The Romanian unit of Lafarge has appointed Sonia Artinian as its new country CEO. She is in charge of the French group's cement, aggregates and concrete business in Romania. Artinian replaces Philippe Questiaux, who had managed Lafarge's cement activity in Romania since 2002.

Russia: Vladimir Petrov has been appointed as General Director of Pikalevskiy Cement, a part of Russia's Eurocement Group.

Ukraine: The Balakleya-based Eurocement-Ukraine company dismissed its director general Demis Halchev on 31 January 2011 after a tenure of around three years in the post. According to a report, the position is now vacant.

Spare a thought for your fellow cement workers this week as reports emerge of plant employees being forced back to work at gunpoint in Kenya and Chinese workers being kidnapped in Egypt.

The news that workers have been coerced with bullets is just one horror story from the ongoing soap opera that is the East African Portland Cement Company. Since the Kenyan government dismissed the directors in December 2011, over allegations of alleged mismanagement, progressively more murky disclosures have emerged. Although the latest reports suggest that all the 1200 permanent employees have now returned to work, the situation remains volatile. Anyone who thought that a judge could simply order the plant back to work because he said so has underestimated the situation.

On one side sit the directors who have already been sacked and reinstated by the government following accusations of non-competitive tenders and rampant expenses claims in December 2011. Running scared of their own employees, they now have to face the Maasai elders who supporting the directors by ordering the closure of the gypsum, limestone and pozzolana mines. On the other side is the Kenyan government which was legally forced to return the directors they dismissed. In the middle remain the workers, at work for now but for who knows how much longer.

By contrast the 25 mostly Chinese cement factory workers who have been kidnapped in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula may have had the best management in the world. Yet working internationally can bring risks such as political instability that are hard to predict.

Elsewhere in this issue of Global Cement Weekly, you can read about new plant plans in Indonesia, rampant overcapacity in Vietnam, soaring profits in Saudi Arabia and the news that Italcementi is likely to have to sack 7.5% of its workforce.

Malaysia: Lafarge Malayan has appointed Bradley Peter Mulroney as its president and chief executive officer and Malaysian Chen Theng Aik as its executive director.

Mulroney, aged 49, is a British national. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of London and he initially started his career with Redland plc, where he rose to the rank of a general manager. Redland was acquired by Lafarge SA in 1996.

Aik, aged 45 is a Malaysian who was previously the senior vice-president, finance and chief financial officer of Lafarge Malayan.

This week has seen the start of what is likely to become a string of positive financial results from the Indian cement industry. UltraTech Cement, Shree Cement and Hyderabad Industries have already seen massive improvements in their profits for the final quarter of 2011, up in one case by over 100% compared to 2010.

On the face of it such results do not chime with a recent report by Fitch Ratings, which predicts a 'negative outlook' for the Indian cement industry in 2012. Fitch's report says that based on expected growth of 2-5%, overcapacity and an increase in interest rates will prey on margins in 2012, making any mini-boom short-lived. The impressive profits may well evaporate come the end of March.

India's capacity utilisation rate dropped to just 65% in the last quarter of 2011. This is not a statistic indicative of a booming cement industry and, coupled to reports of increased profits from the sector, indicates that higher prices are being used to maintain margins.

With even more capacity being added every week and the prospect of increased input costs as the year develops, how long will this strategy work? Will the topic of cartelisation be raised again in India? The new head of the Cement Manufacturers' Association has a lot to consider as he takes up his role.

Elsewhere in this issue of Global Cement Weekly, we have the news that the German BDZ and VDZ are to fully merge, plant projects in Russia and Saudi Arabia and the latest on the developing situation in Kenya, where East Africa Portland Cement Company (EAPCC) is still in dispute with its workers. EAPCC and the government's expectation that work can resume on 26 January 2012 appears to be ill-founded considering continued resentment shown by the workforce.