Tunisia: Carthage Cement’s turnover fell by 12% year-on-year to US$72.8 in 2017 from US$82.6m in 2016. Clinker production dropped by 17% to 1.3Mt and cement production by 12% to 1.4Mt. Local sales of cement decreased by 2% to US$52.7m and exports by 80% to US$1.9m. The cement producer blamed its poor sales on a decline in the export market.

Ghana: Cement producers are lobbying the government to build new roads using concrete in order to use surplus cement. The country has a production capacity of 12Mt/yr but it only uses 8Mt/yr, according to Citi Business. The producers are calling on the president to make good on a previous statement on the matter.

Bolivia: Empresa Publica Productiva Cementos de Bolivia’s (Ecebol) new plant at Caracollo in Oruro is set to open by the end of 2018. Government minister Eugenio Rojas said that the 1.3Mt/yr plant would start testing in September 2018, according to La Jornada newspaper. The project had a budget of US$244m.

Venezuela: A cement plant at Valencia in Carabobo is only using 25% of its production capacity due to a lack of government investments. The plant was nationalised in 2017, according to the El Carabobeno newspaper. Reportedly it is the only plant out of four in the local area that is still operating.

US: Ed Sullivan, the Portland Cement Association’s (PCA) Senior Vice President and Chief Economist says that economic momentum supported by tax reform and federal infrastructure programs will play key roles in the demand for construction in the next few years. Sullivan made his comments at the World of Concrete event in Las Vegas, where he revealed details from his forthcoming spring forecast.

“There is little doubt that the near-term outlook for construction and cement consumption in 2018 and 2019 remains favourable,” said Sullivan. “Strengthening economic conditions, with the addition of fiscal stimulus, and in the context of already low unemployment could awaken inflationary pressures. Down the road, this could lead to an even more stringent monetary policy, leading to an acceleration in interest rate increases and an eventual cooling of construction markets. If this scenario plays out, it will likely take time to gestate and not materialise to a significant degree until after 2019.”

Sullivan noted the strong economy comes in context of continued strain to find skilled workers, including those needed for construction projects. Weather conditions and other economic factors prompted PCA to revise its 2017 Fall Forecast down slightly, though it says that its ‘fundamental’ assessments pertaining to the economy, construction markets, and cement consumption remain on target.

The PCA Spring Forecast will be released in early March 2018.

Belarus: The Belarusian Cement Company increased its exports of cement by 42.6% year-on-year to 1.4Mt/yr in 2017. The exported cement had a value of US$682.m, according to the Belarusian Telegraph Agency. The company has attributed the rise on an efficiency drive that it says has reduced the cost of production by 50%. The company mainly exports to the Commonwealth of Independent States region but it has started selling its product in parts of the European Union, including Poland and Latvia. It plans to increases its exports by 4% in 2018, partly by introducing 35kg bags.

Ukraine: Cement production rose by 2.3% year-on-year to 9.3Mt in 2017. In 2016 it rose by 7.1% to 9.1Mt, according to the Ukrainian News Agency. Despite the growth in 2017 production fell slightly in December 2017. 15 companies produce cement in the country with a total production capacity of 25Mt/yr.

Spain: LafargeHolcim’s subsidiary Holcim España invested over Euro2m in its cement plant at Jerez during 2017. The work included environmental improvements, changes to the despatch areas and health and safety upgrades such as fire detection systems in its fuels storage zones. The plant also introduced a sulphate-resistant cement product (CEM IV/A (V) 42,5 R/SR) in May 2017 targeted for marine applications.

Italy: Legal firm Eversheds Sutherland has suspended a Euro1.8m fine imposed by the Italian Competition Authority on Calme. Fines were made to a number of Italian cement producers in August 2017, according to the Il Sole 24 Ore newspaper. They were in relation to allegations of price fixing and market share coordination between 2011 and 2016.

Asia Cement has completed its purchase of Halla Cement this week for US$723m. The deal has created the third largest cement producer in South Korea with a cement production capacity. This includes one integrated plant at Okgye, three slag grinding plants and a distribution network.

Graph 1: Cement producers in South Korea by cement production data from 2016. Chart includes mergers in 2017 and 2018 to represent current market share. Source: Korea Cement Association.

The Halla Cement transaction marks an on-going consolidation process in the local industry. 2017 proved a busy year with the purchase of Daehan Cement by Ssang Yong Cement and Hyundai Cement by Hanil Cement. Assuming the dust has settled this now leaves Ssang Yong Cement and its new subsidiary in the lead by cement production data from 2016 with 12.9Mt or a 23% market share, Hanil Cement next with 12.4Mt or a 22% share and Asia Cement with 10.8Mt or a 19% share. Overall the country produced 56.7Mt of cement in 2016, according to Korea Cement Association data. The remainder of production is shared between six producers.

Fears that the construction industry may have been about to slow down might have prompted Glenwood Private Equity and Baring Private Equity Asia to sell Halla Cement a little earlier than expected. However, they don’t appear to have done too badly out of this. The two private equity firms that bought Halla Cement from LafargeHolcim in 2016 seem to have made a cool US$180m on the deal. At the time it was reported in the local press that they paid US$542m for the cement producer. Glenwood Private Equity was the lead investor followed by Baring Private Equity Asia. They bought Lafarge Halla Cement in May 2016 and then were looking for buyers a year later in August 2017.

Cement consumption in South Korea has followed a rollercoaster path since 1992 hitting a high of 61.7Mt in 1997 and a low of 43.7Mt in 2014. It then rose to 55.8Mt in 2016. The consolidation behaviour by the cement producers suggests either a poor performing market or an uncertain one. Since the gap between the peak and the trough is more than Halla Cement’s production capacity no wonder its private equity owners were keen to get shot of it at the first sign of trouble. So let’s end with the words of Han Chul Kim, Managing Director of Baring Asia, from the time of the purchase from LafargeHolcim in 2016: "We couldn’t imagine a more solid platform from which to access the growth opportunities in the Korean market in the coming years.”